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veridic/acs/management/commands/test-abac.py

628 lines
28 KiB
Python

'''
VERIDIC - Towards a centralized access control system
Copyright (C) 2011 Mikael Ates
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
'''
from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
from django.db import transaction
from acs.abac.models import *
from acs.abac.core import check_predicates, \
arrange_missing_predicates, get_source_form_name, \
get_def_from_name_and_ns, add_assertion_to_profile, \
make_new_rule_from_missing_predicates, \
get_attribute_definition_by_name, load_profile_by_dic, \
check_predicate_role
from acs.abac.logic import evaluation, return_sorted_variables_to_truth
from acs.xacml.constants import *
from acs.models import Role, UserAlias, AcsObject, Action, AcsAbacPermission
from acs.core import create_policy, remove_policy, \
add_role, mod_role, add_object, add_action, add_permission, \
add_view, add_activity, mod_view, mod_activity, \
is_authorized_by_names_with_abac
class Command(BaseCommand):
'''
Script to make tests on ABAC
'''
can_import_django_settings = True
output_transaction = True
requires_model_validation = True
option_list = BaseCommand.option_list
help = \
'No help.'
@transaction.commit_manually
def handle(self, *args, **options):
print '-------- ABAC Tests --------'
'''
(age of (IdP1 or IdP2) >= 18 and (nationality of IdP1 == 'FRA'
or nationality of IdP1 == 'ITA'))
or
(age of (IdP1 or IdP2) >= 21 and (nationality of IdP1 == 'GBR'
or nationality of IdP1 == 'ESP'))
and unique_ID of (IdP1 or IdP2)
and type_cert of IdP1 == 'eID'
and type_cert of IdP2 == 'driver_licence'
and type_cert of IdP3 == 'assurance_assessment'
and surname of IdP1 == surname of IdP2
and firstname of IdP1 == firstname of IdP2
and surname of IdP1 == surname of IdP3
and firstname of IdP1 == firstname of IdP3
'''
try:
s1, c = Source.objects.get_or_create(name="IdP1")
s1.save()
print 'Source created: %s' % s1
s2, c = Source.objects.get_or_create(name="IdP2")
s2.save()
print 'Source created: %s' % s2
s3, c = Source.objects.get_or_create(name="IdP3")
s3.save()
print 'Source created: %s' % s3
rule = AbacRule()
rule.save()
def_sn = get_attribute_definition_by_name('surname')
def_fn = get_attribute_definition_by_name('firstname')
def_typecert = get_attribute_definition_by_name('certificate_type')
def_age = get_attribute_definition_by_name('age')
def_unikid = get_attribute_definition_by_name('unique_ID')
def_nat = get_attribute_definition_by_name('nationality')
if not (def_sn and def_fn and def_age and def_typecert and def_nat and def_unikid):
print 'Missing definition'
raise
adef_sn1 = AssertionDefinition(attribute_definition=def_sn)
adef_sn1.save()
att_s = AttachedSource(assertion=adef_sn1, source=s1)
att_s.save()
adef_sn2 = AssertionDefinition(attribute_definition=def_sn)
adef_sn2.save()
att_s = AttachedSource(assertion=adef_sn2, source=s2)
att_s.save()
adef_sn3 = AssertionDefinition(attribute_definition=def_sn)
adef_sn3.save()
att_s = AttachedSource(assertion=adef_sn3, source=s3)
att_s.save()
adef_fn1 = AssertionDefinition(attribute_definition=def_fn)
adef_fn1.save()
att_s = AttachedSource(assertion=adef_fn1, source=s1)
att_s.save()
adef_fn2 = AssertionDefinition(attribute_definition=def_fn)
adef_fn2.save()
att_s = AttachedSource(assertion=adef_fn2, source=s2)
att_s.save()
adef_fn3 = AssertionDefinition(attribute_definition=def_fn)
adef_fn3.save()
att_s = AttachedSource(assertion=adef_fn3, source=s3)
att_s.save()
adef_typecert1 = AssertionDefinition(attribute_definition=def_typecert)
adef_typecert1.save()
att_s = AttachedSource(assertion=adef_typecert1, source=s1)
att_s.save()
adef_typecert2 = AssertionDefinition(attribute_definition=def_typecert)
adef_typecert2.save()
att_s = AttachedSource(assertion=adef_typecert2, source=s2)
att_s.save()
adef_typecert3 = AssertionDefinition(attribute_definition=def_typecert)
adef_typecert3.save()
att_s = AttachedSource(assertion=adef_typecert3, source=s3)
att_s.save()
adef_age1 = AssertionDefinition(attribute_definition=def_age)
adef_age1.save()
att_s = AttachedSource(assertion=adef_age1, source=s1)
att_s.save()
att_s = AttachedSource(assertion=adef_age1, source=s2)
att_s.save()
adef_unikid1 = AssertionDefinition(attribute_definition=def_unikid)
adef_unikid1.save()
att_s = AttachedSource(assertion=adef_unikid1, source=s1)
att_s.save()
att_s = AttachedSource(assertion=adef_unikid1, source=s2)
att_s.save()
adef_nationality1 = AssertionDefinition(attribute_definition=def_nat)
adef_nationality1.save()
att_s = AttachedSource(assertion=adef_nationality1, source=s1)
att_s.save()
#Define numeric value 18
val18 = AttributeData(definition=def_age)
val18.save()
IntegerM(data=val18, value=18).save()
val18_d = AssertionData(attribute_data=val18)
val18_d.save()
#Define numeric value 21
val21 = AttributeData(definition=def_age)
val21.save()
IntegerM(data=val21, value=21).save()
val21_d = AssertionData(attribute_data=val21)
val21_d.save()
#Define String for nationalities
french = AttributeData(definition=def_nat)
french.save()
StringM(data=french, value='FRA').save()
french_d = AssertionData(attribute_data=french)
french_d.save()
italian = AttributeData(definition=def_nat)
italian.save()
StringM(data=italian, value='ITA').save()
italian_d = AssertionData(attribute_data=italian)
italian_d.save()
english = AttributeData(definition=def_nat)
english.save()
StringM(data=english, value='GBR').save()
english_d = AssertionData(attribute_data=english)
english_d.save()
spanish = AttributeData(definition=def_nat)
spanish.save()
StringM(data=spanish, value='ESP').save()
spanish_d = AssertionData(attribute_data=spanish)
spanish_d.save()
#Define String for certificate types
eID = AttributeData(definition=def_typecert)
eID.save()
StringM(data=eID, value='eID').save()
eID_d = AssertionData(attribute_data=eID)
eID_d.save()
drvlicence = AttributeData(definition=def_typecert)
drvlicence.save()
StringM(data=drvlicence, value='driver_licence').save()
drvlicence_d = AssertionData(attribute_data=drvlicence)
drvlicence_d.save()
assass = AttributeData(definition=def_typecert)
assass.save()
StringM(data=assass, value='assurance_assessment').save()
assass_d = AssertionData(attribute_data=assass)
assass_d.save()
#predicates for age
p1 = PredicateComparison(operand1=adef_age1, operand2=val18_d,
comparison_type=ACS_XACML_COMPARISON_INTEGER_GRT_OE,
operand1_single_value=True, operand2_single_value=True,
rule=rule)
p1.save()
print "Predicate age 1 %s, id: %s" % (p1, p1.id)
p2 = PredicateComparison(operand1=adef_age1, operand2=val21_d,
comparison_type=ACS_XACML_COMPARISON_INTEGER_GRT_OE,
operand1_single_value=True, operand2_single_value=True,
rule=rule)
p2.save()
print "Predicate age 2 %s, id: %s" % (p2, p2.id)
#predicates for nationality:
p3 = PredicateComparison(operand1=adef_nationality1, operand2=french_d,
comparison_type=ACS_XACML_COMPARISON_EQUALITY_STRING_IGN_CASE,
multivalues='EQUAL_OP1_SUBSET_OP2', rule=rule)
p3.save()
print "Predicate nationality 3 %s, id: %s" % (p3, p3.id)
p4 = PredicateComparison(operand1=adef_nationality1, operand2=italian_d,
comparison_type=ACS_XACML_COMPARISON_EQUALITY_STRING_IGN_CASE,
multivalues='EQUAL_OP1_SUBSET_OP2', rule=rule)
p4.save()
print "Predicate nationality 4 %s, id: %s" % (p4, p4.id)
p5 = PredicateComparison(operand1=adef_nationality1, operand2=english_d,
comparison_type=ACS_XACML_COMPARISON_EQUALITY_STRING_IGN_CASE,
multivalues='EQUAL_OP1_SUBSET_OP2', rule=rule)
p5.save()
print "Predicate nationality 5 %s, id: %s" % (p5, p5.id)
p6 = PredicateComparison(operand1=adef_nationality1, operand2=spanish_d,
comparison_type=ACS_XACML_COMPARISON_EQUALITY_STRING_IGN_CASE,
multivalues='EQUAL_OP1_SUBSET_OP2', rule=rule)
p6.save()
print "Predicate nationality 6 %s, id: %s" % (p6, p6.id)
#Predicates only required
p7 = PredicateRequired(definition=adef_unikid1,
single_value=True, rule=rule)
p7.save()
print "Predicate required unique ID: %s, id: %s" % (p7, p7.id)
#Predicates for certificate types
p8 = PredicateComparison(operand1=adef_typecert1, operand2=eID_d,
comparison_type=ACS_XACML_COMPARISON_EQUALITY_STRING_IGN_CASE,
operand1_single_value=True, operand2_single_value=True,
rule=rule)
p8.save()
print "Predicate certificate type 8 %s, id: %s" % (p8, p8.id)
p9 = PredicateComparison(operand1=adef_typecert2, operand2=drvlicence_d,
comparison_type=ACS_XACML_COMPARISON_EQUALITY_STRING_IGN_CASE,
operand1_single_value=True, operand2_single_value=True,
rule=rule)
p9.save()
print "Predicate certificate type 9 %s, id: %s" % (p9, p9.id)
p10 = PredicateComparison(operand1=adef_typecert3, operand2=assass_d,
comparison_type=ACS_XACML_COMPARISON_EQUALITY_STRING_IGN_CASE,
operand1_single_value=True, operand2_single_value=True,
rule=rule)
p10.save()
print "Predicate certificate type 10 %s, id: %s" % (p10, p10.id)
#Predicates for same identity checking
p11 = PredicateComparison(operand1=adef_sn1, operand2=adef_sn2,
comparison_type=ACS_XACML_COMPARISON_EQUALITY_STRING_IGN_CASE, rule=rule,
multivalues='EQUAL_EXACT_MATCH')
p11.save()
print "Predicate check identity 11 %s, id: %s" % (p11, p11.id)
p12 = PredicateComparison(operand1=adef_fn1, operand2=adef_fn2,
comparison_type=ACS_XACML_COMPARISON_EQUALITY_STRING_IGN_CASE, rule=rule,
multivalues='EQUAL_OP1_SUBSET_OP2')
p12.save()
print "Predicate check identity 12 %s, id: %s" % (p12, p12.id)
p13 = PredicateComparison(operand1=adef_sn1, operand2=adef_sn3,
comparison_type=ACS_XACML_COMPARISON_EQUALITY_STRING_IGN_CASE, rule=rule,
multivalues='EQUAL_EXACT_MATCH')
p13.save()
print "Predicate check identity 13 %s, id: %s" % (p13, p13.id)
p14 = PredicateComparison(operand1=adef_fn1, operand2=adef_fn3,
comparison_type=ACS_XACML_COMPARISON_EQUALITY_STRING_IGN_CASE, rule=rule,
multivalues='EQUAL_OP1_SUBSET_OP2')
p14.save()
print "Predicate check identity 14 %s, id: %s" % (p14, p14.id)
#Bags of values to test multivalued attributes
bag1 = AttributeData(definition=def_age)
bag1.save()
IntegerM(data=bag1, value=3).save()
IntegerM(data=bag1, value=5).save()
bag1_d = AssertionData(attribute_data=bag1)
bag1_d.save()
bag2 = AttributeData(definition=def_age)
bag2.save()
IntegerM(data=bag2, value=4).save()
IntegerM(data=bag2, value=5).save()
IntegerM(data=bag2, value=6).save()
bag2_d = AssertionData(attribute_data=bag2)
bag2_d.save()
p15 = PredicateComparison(operand1=bag1_d, operand2=bag2_d,
comparison_type=ACS_XACML_COMPARISON_INTEGER_GRT, rule=rule,
multivalues='DIFF_ONE_OP1_WITH_BOTTOM_LIMIT_OP2')
p15.save()
print "Predicate test comp 15 %s, id: %s" % (p15, p15.id)
print '--> Create a user'
rdm_str = ''.join(random.choice(string.ascii_uppercase + \
string.digits) for x in range(8))
username = 'user_' + rdm_str
user, created = User.objects.get_or_create(username=username)
if not user:
raise CommandError('Error creating user %s' % user)
user.set_password(username)
user.save()
print "User %s created" % user
print '<--\n'
requester = User.objects.get(username='root')
print '--> Create one policy'
name = 'policy_' + rdm_str
namespace = 'namespace_' + rdm_str
policy, created = create_policy(name, requester,
namespace=namespace)
if not policy:
raise CommandError('Error creating policy %s' % policy)
print "Policy %s created" % policy
print '<--\n'
print '--> Set user in policy'
alias, created = UserAlias.objects.get_or_create(user=user,
alias=user.username, namespace=policy.namespace)
if not alias:
raise CommandError('Error creating alias %s' % alias)
print "Alias %s created" % alias
print '<--\n'
print '--> Create two roles'
role_name_1 = 'role_1_' + rdm_str
role_1 = add_role(requester, role_name_1, policy)
if not role_1:
raise CommandError('Unable to handle a role due to %s' \
% str(role_1))
print "Role %s created" % role_1
role_name_2 = 'role_2_' + rdm_str
role_2 = add_role(requester, role_name_2, policy)
if not role_2:
raise CommandError('Unable to handle a role due to %s' \
% str(role_2))
print "Role %s created" % role_2
print '<--\n'
print '--> Add role2 to role_1'
r = mod_role(requester, role_1, policy,
roles_added=[role_2])
if r < 0:
raise CommandError(\
'Unable to handle a role due to %s' % str(r))
print "Role %s added to %s" % (role_2, role_1)
print '<--\n'
print '--> Add user to the role_1'
r = mod_role(requester, role_1, policy,
users_added=[alias])
if r < 0:
raise CommandError(\
'Unable to handle a role due to %s' % str(r))
print "User %s added to %s" % (alias, role_1)
print '<--\n'
print '--> Create one predicateRole'
p16 = PredicateRole(role=role_2, rule=rule)
p16.save()
print "Predicate role 16 %s, id: %s" % (p16, p16.id)
str_rule = "(((%s&(%s|%s))|(%s&(%s|%s)))&(%s&%s&%s&%s&%s&%s&%s&%s&%s)|%s)" % (p1.id, p3.id, p4.id, p2.id, p5.id, p6.id, p7.id, p8.id, p9.id, p10.id, p11.id, p12.id, p13.id, p14.id, p15.id, p16.id)
rule.expression=str_rule
rule.save()
object_1_name = 'object_1_' + rdm_str
object_1 = add_object(requester, object_1_name, policy)
if not object_1:
raise CommandError('Unable to handle an object due to \
%s' % str(object_1))
object_2_name = 'object_2_' + rdm_str
object_2 = add_object(requester, object_2_name, policy)
if not object_2:
raise CommandError('Unable to handle an object due to \
%s' % str(object_1))
action_1_name = 'action_1_' + rdm_str
action_1 = add_action(requester, action_1_name, policy)
if not action_1:
raise CommandError('Unable to handle an action due to \
%s' % str(action_1))
action_2_name = 'action_2_' + rdm_str
action_2 = add_action(requester, action_2_name, policy)
if not action_2:
raise CommandError('Unable to handle an action due to \
%s' % str(action_1))
view_1_name = 'view_1_' + rdm_str
view_1 = add_view(requester, view_1_name, policy)
if not view_1:
raise CommandError('Unable to handle an view due to \
%s' % str(view_1))
view_2_name = 'view_2_' + rdm_str
view_2 = add_view(requester, view_2_name, policy)
if not view_2:
raise CommandError('Unable to handle an view due to \
%s' % str(view_2))
activity_1_name = 'activity_1_' + rdm_str
activity_1 = add_activity(requester, activity_1_name, policy)
if not activity_1:
raise CommandError('Unable to handle an activity due to \
%s' % str(activity_1))
activity_2_name = 'activity_2_' + rdm_str
activity_2 = add_activity(requester, activity_2_name, policy)
if not activity_1:
raise CommandError('Unable to handle an activity due to \
%s' % str(activity_2))
print '--> Add object 2 to view 2'
r = mod_view(requester, view_2, policy,
objects_added=[object_2])
if r < 0:
raise CommandError(\
'Unable to handle a view due to %s' % str(r))
print "Object %s added to %s" % (object_2, view_2)
print '<--\n'
print '--> Add object 1 and view 2 to view 1'
r = mod_view(requester, view_1, policy,
objects_added=[object_1], views_added=[view_2])
if r < 0:
raise CommandError(\
'Unable to handle a view due to %s' % str(r))
print "Object %s and view %s added to %s" % (object_1, view_2, view_1)
print '<--\n'
print '--> Add action 2 to activity 2'
r = mod_activity(requester, activity_2, policy,
actions_added=[action_2])
if r < 0:
raise CommandError(\
'Unable to handle an activity due to %s' % str(r))
print "Action %s added to %s" % (action_2, activity_2)
print '<--\n'
print '--> Add action 1 and activity 2 to view 1'
r = mod_activity(requester, activity_1, policy,
actions_added=[action_1], activities_added=[activity_2])
if r < 0:
raise CommandError(\
'Unable to handle an activity due to %s' % str(r))
print "Action %s and activity %s added to %s" % (action_1, activity_2, activity_1)
print '<--\n'
'''
Add permission to policy
'''
AcsAbacPermission(who=None, what=view_2, how=activity_2, rule=rule).save()
'''
Request policy
'''
attributes = {}
data = []
attr = {}
attr['name'] = 'certificate_type'
attr['namespace'] = 'ACS-ABAC'
attr['values'] = ('eID',)
data.append(attr)
attr = {}
attr['name'] = 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/dateofbirth'
attr['namespace'] = 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims'
attr['values'] = ('17', )
data.append(attr)
attr = {}
attr['name'] = 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/surname'
attr['namespace'] = 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims'
attr['values'] = ('Ates',)
data.append(attr)
attr = {}
attr['name'] = 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/givenname'
attr['namespace'] = 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims'
attr['values'] = ('Mikael', 'Ersin',)
data.append(attr)
attr = {}
attr['name'] = 'Nationality'
attr['namespace'] = 'ISO7501-1'
attr['values'] = ('FRA',)
data.append(attr)
attributes['IdP1'] = data
data = []
attr = {}
attr['name'] = 'certificate_type'
attr['namespace'] = 'ACS-ABAC'
attr['values'] = ('driver_licence',)
data.append(attr)
attr = {}
attr['name'] = 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/surname'
attr['namespace'] = 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims'
attr['values'] = ('Ates',)
data.append(attr)
attr = {}
attr['name'] = 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/givenname'
attr['namespace'] = 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims'
attr['values'] = ('Mikael', 'Ersin',)
data.append(attr)
attr = {}
attr['name'] = 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/privatepersonalidentifier'
attr['namespace'] = 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims'
attr['values'] = ('31q3sdf1q3sdf213q2d1f5qs',)
data.append(attr)
# attr = {}
# attr['name'] = 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/privatepersonalidentifier'
# attr['namespace'] = 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims'
# attr['values'] = ('41q3sdf1q3sdf213q2d1f5qs',)
# data['attributes'].append(attr)
attr = {}
attr['name'] = 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/dateofbirth'
attr['namespace'] = 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims'
attr['values'] = ('17', )
data.append(attr)
attributes['IdP2'] = data
data = []
attr = {}
attr['name'] = 'certificate_type'
attr['namespace'] = 'ACS-ABAC'
attr['values'] = ('assurance_assessment',)
data.append(attr)
attr = {}
attr['name'] = 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/surname'
attr['namespace'] = 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims'
attr['values'] = ('Ates',)
data.append(attr)
attr = {}
attr['name'] = 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/givenname'
attr['namespace'] = 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims'
attr['values'] = ('Mikael', 'Ersin', 'Bob')
data.append(attr)
attributes['IdP3'] = data
decision, msg, error = \
is_authorized_by_names_with_abac(requestor_name=user.username,
who_name=user.username,
what_name=object_1_name,
how_name=action_1_name,
namespace_name=namespace,
attributes=attributes,
no_rule_returned=True)
if error < 0:
raise CommandError('is_authorized_by_names_with_abac returned %s' % str(error))
if decision:
print "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"
print "Access granted by permission %s" % msg
print "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"
else:
print "------------------------------------------------------"
print "Access denied, new rule to satisfy %s" % msg
print "------------------------------------------------------"
decision, msg, error = \
is_authorized_by_names_with_abac(requestor_name=user.username,
who_name=user.username,
what_name=view_1_name, view=True,
how_name=activity_1_name, activity = True,
namespace_name=namespace,
attributes=attributes,
no_rule_returned=True)
if error < 0:
raise CommandError('is_authorized_by_names_with_abac returned %s' % str(error))
if decision:
print "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"
print "Access granted by permission %s" % msg
print "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"
else:
print "------------------------------------------------------"
print "Access denied, new rule to satisfy %s" % msg
print "------------------------------------------------------"
decision, msg, error = \
is_authorized_by_names_with_abac(requestor_name=user.username,
who_name=user.username,
what_name=object_2_name,
how_name=action_2_name,
namespace_name=namespace,
attributes=attributes,
no_rule_returned=True)
if error < 0:
raise CommandError('is_authorized_by_names_with_abac returned %s' % str(error))
if decision:
print "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"
print "Access granted by permission %s" % msg
print "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"
else:
print "------------------------------------------------------"
print "Access denied, new rule to satisfy %s" % msg
print "------------------------------------------------------"
decision, msg, error = \
is_authorized_by_names_with_abac(requestor_name=user.username,
who_name=user.username,
what_name=view_2_name, view=True,
how_name=activity_2_name, activity=True,
namespace_name=namespace,
attributes=attributes)
if error < 0:
raise CommandError('is_authorized_by_names_with_abac returned %s' % str(error))
if decision:
print "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"
print "Access granted by permission %s" % msg
print "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"
else:
print "------------------------------------------------------"
print "Access denied, new rule to satisfy %s" % msg
print "------------------------------------------------------"
raise Exception('Happy end')
except Exception, err:
print "Exception: %s" %str(err)
transaction.rollback()
print '\n-------- DONE --------'