KPL/PCK
P_constants (PcK) SPICE kernel file
===========================================================================

        By: Nat Bachman (NAIF)    2004 September 21
 
 
File Organization
--------------------------------------------------------
 
     The contents of this file are as follows.
 
     Introductory Information:

         --   File Organization
 
         --   Version description
 
         --   Disclaimer
 
         --   Sources
 
         --   Explanation
 
         --   Body numbers and names
 

     PcK Data:
 

        Orientation Data
        ----------------

         --   Orientation constants for the Sun and planets.        
              Additional items included in this section:

                 - Earth north geomagnetic centered dipole values
                   for epochs 1945-2000

                 - Mars prime meridian offset "lambda_a"

         --   Orientation constants for satellites
 
         --   Orientation constants for asteroids Gaspra, Ida,
              Vesta, and Eros
 

        Radii of Bodies
        ---------------

         --   Radii of Sun and planets
         
         --   Radii of satellites, where available
         
         --   Radii of asteroids Gaspra, Ida, Kleopatra, and Eros



Version description
--------------------------------------------------------
 
     This file was created on September 21, 2004.  This version
     incorporates data from reference [2]: "Report of the IAU/IAG
     Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements
     of the Planets and Satellites:  2000."  Note that the 2003
     version of this report is as yet unpublished.
 
     This file contains size, shape, and orientation data for all
     objects described by the previous version of the file, plus data
     for the asteroids Vesta, Kleopatra, and Eros.
                 
 
Disclaimer
--------------------------------------------------------
 

Applicability of Data

     This constants file may not contain the parameter values that
     you prefer. Note that this file may be readily modified by
     you or anyone else. NAIF suggests that you inspect this file
     visually before proceeding with any critical or extended
     data processing.

File Modifications by Users

     NAIF requests that you update the "by line" and date if you
     modify this file.
     
Known Limitations and Caveats

     In general, the orientation models given here are claimed by the
     IAU/IAG Working Group Report [2] to be accurate to 0.1 degree
     ([2], p.85).  However, NAIF notes that orientation models for
     natural satellites and asteroids have in some cases changed
     substantially with the availability of new observational data, so
     users are urged to investigate the suitability for their
     applications of the models presented here.

   
     NAIF strongly cautions against using the earth rotation model
     (from [2]) given here for work demanding high accuracy.  This
     model has been determined by NAIF to have an error in the prime
     meridian location of magnitude at least 150 arcseconds, with a
     local minimum occurring during the year 1999.  Regarding
     availability of better earth orientation data for use with the
     SPICE system:

        Earth orientation data are available from NAIF in the form of
        binary earth PCK files.  NAIF employs an automated process to
        create these files; each time JPL's section 335 produces a new
        earth orientation parameter (EOP) file, a new PCK is produced.
        These PCKs cover a 12-month time span starting about nine
        months prior to the current date.  In these PCK files, the
        following effects are accounted for in modeling the earth's
        rotation:


           - Precession:                   1976 IAU model

           - Nutation:                     1980 IAU model, plus interpolated
                                           EOP nutation corrections

           - Polar motion:                 interpolated from EOP file

           - True sidereal time:

                + UT1 - UT1R (if needed):  given by analytic formula
                + TAI - UT1 (or UT1R):     interpolated from EOP file
                + UT1 - GMST:              given by analytic formula
                + equation of equinoxes:   given by analytic formula

             where

                TAI    =   International Atomic Time
                UT1    =   Greenwich hour angle of computed mean sun - 12h
                UT1R   =   Regularized UT1
                GMST   =   Greenwich mean sidereal time                   

        These kernels are available via anonymous ftp from the server
 
           naif.jpl.nasa.gov

        The kernels are in the path

           pub/naif/generic_kernels/pck

        At this time, these kernels have file names of the form

           earth_000101_yymmdd_yymmdd.bpc

        The second and third dates are, respectively, the file's 
        coverage end time and the epoch of the last datum.
 
        These binary PCK files are very accurate (error < 0.1
        microradian) for epochs preceding the epoch of the last datum.
        For later epochs, the error rises to several microradians.

        Binary PCK files giving accurate earth orientation back to 1972
        and *low accuracy* predicted earth orientation to 2023 are also
        available in the same location.  

        How does the rotation model used in the long term predict
        binary earth PCK compare to that used in this file?  Because of
        the unpredictability of the earth's orientation, in particular
        of its spin, it's not possible to answer with certainty.
        However, we can make these observations:

           - The long term predict binary PCK presumably does a better
             job of predicting the orientation of the earth's equator
             since the binary PCK accounts for nutation and the model
             from [2] does not.

           - The prime meridian error in the model from [2] amounts
             to, at a minimum, about 10 seconds of rotation.  It should
             take years for the spin error of the binary long term
             predict PCK to grow as large.

        Characteristics and names of the binary kernels described here
        are subject to change.  Contact NAIF for details concerning
        binary earth PCKs.
 

     The SPICE Toolkit doesn't currently contain software to model the
     earth's north geomagnetic centered dipole as a function of time.
     As a convenience for users, the north dipole location from the
     J2000 epoch was selected as a representative datum, and the
     planetocentric longitude and latitude of this location have been
     associated with the keywords
       
        BODY399_N_GEOMAG_CTR_DIPOLE_LON
        BODY399_N_GEOMAG_CTR_DIPOLE_LAT
     
     Values for the earth's north geomagnetic centered dipole are
     presented in comments as a discrete time series for the time range
     1945-2000.  For details concerning the the geomagnetic field model
     from which these values were derived, including a discussion of
     the model's accuracy, see [13].


     The Mars prime meridian offset given by [10] is not used by
     SPICE geometry software for computations involving the shape
     of Mars (for example, in sub-observer point or surface intercept
     computations).  The value is provided for informational
     purposes only.


     SPICE Toolkits prior to version N0057 cannot make use of
     trigonometric polynomial terms in the formulas for orientation of
     the planets. The only planet for which such terms are used is
     Neptune.  Use of trigonometric polynomial terms for natural
     satellites is and has been supported for all SPICE Toolkit
     versions.



 
 
Sources
--------------------------------------------------------
 
     The sources for the constants listed in this file are:

        [1]   Seidelmann, P.K., Archinal, B.A., A'Hearn, M.F., 
              Cruikshank, D.P., Hilton, J.L., Keller, H.U., Oberst, J.,
              Simon, J.L., Stooke, P., Tholen, D.J., and Thomas, P.C.
              "Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic
              Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and
              Satellites: 2003," Unpublished.
 
        [2]   Seidelmann, P.K., Abalakin, V.K., Bursa, M., Davies, M.E.,
              Bergh, C. de, Lieske, J.H., Oberst, J., Simon, J.L.,
              Standish, E.M., Stooke, P., and Thomas, P.C. (2002).
              "Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic
              Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and
              Satellites: 2000," Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical
              Astronomy, v.82, Issue 1, pp. 83-111.

        [3]   Davies, M.E., Abalakin, V.K., Bursa, M., Kinoshita, H.,
              Kirk, R.L., Lieske, J.H., Marov, M.Ya., Seidelmann, P.K.,
              and Simon, J.-L. "Report of the IAU/IAG/COSPAR Working
              Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements
              of the Planets and Satellites: 1997," Unpublished.

        [4]   Davies, M.E., Abalakin, V.K., Bursa, M., Lieske, J.H.,
              Morando, B., Morrison, D., Seidelmann, P.K., Sinclair,
              A.T., Yallop, B., and Tjuflin, Y.S. (1996). "Report of
              the IAU/IAG/COSPAR Working Group on Cartographic
              Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and
              Satellites: 1994," Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical
              Astronomy, v.63, pp. 127-148.

        [5]   Davies, M.E., Abalakin, V.K., Brahic, A., Bursa, M., 
              Chovitz., B.H., Lieske, J.H., Seidelmann, P.K.,
              Sinclair, A.T., and Tiuflin, I.S. (1992). "Report of the
              IAU/IAG/COSPAR Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates
              and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites:
              1991," Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy,
              v.53, no.4, pp. 377-397.

        [6]   Davies, M.E., Abalakin, V.K., Bursa, M., Hunt, G.E.,
              and Lieske, J.H. (1989). "Report of the IAU/IAG/COSPAR
              Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational
              Elements of the Planets and Satellites: 1988," Celestial
              Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, v.46, no.2, pp.
              187-204.

        [7]   Nautical Almanac Office, United States Naval Observatory
              and H.M. Nautical Almanac Office, Rutherford Appleton
              Laboratory (2005).  "The Astronomical Almanac for
              the Year 2005," U.S. Government Printing Office,
              Washington, D.C.: and The Stationary Office, London.

        [8]   Nautical Almanac Office, United States Naval Observatory,
              H.M. Nautical Almanac Office, Royal Greenwich
              Observatory, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Bureau des
              Longitudes, and The Time Service and Astronomy
              Departments, United States Naval Observatory (1992).
              "Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac," P.
              Kenneth Seidelmann, ed. University Science Books, 20
              Edgehill Road, Mill Valley, CA 9494.

        [9]   Duxbury, Thomas C. (2001). "IAU/IAG 2000 Mars Cartographic
              Conventions,"  presentation to the Mars Express Data
              Archive Working Group, Dec. 14, 2001.

        [10]  Russell, C.T. and Luhmann, J.G. (1990). "Earth: Magnetic 
              Field and Magnetosphere." <http://www-ssc.igpp.ucla.
              edu/personnel/russell/papers/earth_mag>.  Originally
              published in "Encyclopedia of Planetary Sciences," J.H.
              Shirley and R.W. Fainbridge, eds.  Chapman and Hall,
              New York, pp 208-211.

        [11]  Russell, C.T. (1971).  "Geophysical Coordinate 
              Transformations," Cosmic Electrodynamics 2  184-186.
              NAIF document 181.0.
     
        [12]  ESA/ESTEC Space Environment Information System (SPENVIS)
              (2003). Web page:  "Dipole approximations of the
              geomagnetic field."  <http://www.spenvis.oma.be/spenvis/
              help/background/magfield/cd.html>.
 
        [13]  International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy
              and International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (2004).
              Web page:  "The 9th Generation International Geomagnetic
              Reference Field." <http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/
              IAGA/vmod/igrf.html>.

        [14]  Duxbury, Thomas C. (1979).  "Planetary Geodetic Control 
              Using Satellite Imaging," Journal of Geophysical Research, 
              vol. 84, no. B3.  This paper is cataloged as NAIF
              document 190.0.
 
        [15]  Letter from Thomas C. Duxbury to Dr. Ephraim Lazeryevich
              Akim, Keldish Institute of Applied Mathematics, USSR
              Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR. This letter is
              cataloged as NAIF document number 195.0.

        [16]  "Placeholder" values were supplied by NAIF for some radii
              of the bodies listed below:
               
                 Body      NAIF ID code 
                 ----      ------------
                 Metis     516
                 Helene    612
                 Larissa   807
              
              See the discussion below for further information.
                             
         
     Most values are from [2].  All exceptions are 
     commented where they occur in this file. The exceptions are:
 
                 
         --   Radii for the Sun are from [7].
             
         --   The second nutation precession angle (M2) for Mars is
              represented by a quadratic polynomial in the 2000
              IAU report. The SPICELIB subroutine BODEUL can not
              handle this term (which is extremely small), so we
              truncate the polynomial to a linear one.
  
         --   For several satellites, the 2000 IAU report either gives
              a single radius value or a polar radius and a single
              equatorial radius.  SPICE Toolkit software that uses body
              radii expects to find three radii whenever these data are
              read from the kernel pool.  In the cases listed below,
              NAIF has used the mean radius value for all three radii.
              Wherever this was done, the fact has been noted.
              
              The affected satellites are:
              
                 Body      NAIF ID code 
                 ----      ------------
                 Metis     516
                 Helene    612
                 Larissa   807
         
          --  Earth north geomagnetic centered dipole values are from
              [12].  The article [10] was used to check most of 
              these values, and the values were also re-computed from 
              the 9th generation IGRF [13] by Nat Bachman.
         
          -- The Mars prime meridian offset angle is from [9].


     "Old values" listed are from the SPICE P_constants file
     dated April 24, 2000.  Most of these values came from the
     1994 IAU report [4].
 
 
 
 
Explanation
--------------------------------------------------------

     The SPICE Toolkit software that uses this file is documented in
     the SPICE "Required Reading" file pck.req.  For a terse
     description of the PCK file format, see the section below titled
     "File Format."  See the SPICE "Required Reading" file kernel.req
     for a detailed explanation of the SPICE text kernel file format.
     The files pck.req and kernel.req are included in the documentation
     provided with the SPICE Toolkit.

     This file, which is logically part of the SPICE P-kernel, contains
     constants used to model the orientation, size and shape of the
     Sun, planets, and satellites. The orientation models express the
     direction of the pole and location of the prime meridian of a body
     as a function of time. The size/shape models ("shape models" for
     short) represent all bodies as ellipsoids, using two equatorial
     radii and a polar radius. Spheroids and spheres are obtained when
     two or all three radii are equal.


File Format

     This file consists of a series of comment blocks and data blocks.
     Comment blocks, which contain free-form descriptive or explanatory
     text, are preceded by a \begintext token.  Data blocks follow a
     \begindata token.  In order to be recognized, each token shown
     here must be placed on a line by itself.

     The portion of the file preceding the first data block is treated
     as a comment block; it doesn't require an initial comment block
     token.

     This file identifies data using a series of

        KEYWORD = VALUE

     assignments.  The left hand side of each assignment is a
     "kernel variable" name; the right hand side is an associated value
     or list of values.  The SPICE subroutine API allows SPICE routines
     and user applications to retrieve the set of values associated
     with each kernel variable name.

     Kernel variable names are case-sensitive and are limited to
     32 characters in length.  

     Numeric values may be integer or floating point.  String values
     are normally limited to 80 characters in length; however, SPICE
     provides a mechanism for identifying longer, "continued" strings.
     See the SPICE routine STPOOL for details.

     String values are single quoted.

     When the right hand side of an assignment is a list of values,
     the list items may be separated by commas or simply by blanks.
     The list must be bracketed by parentheses.  Example:

        BODY399_RADII = ( 6378.14 6378.14 6356.75 )
 
     Any blanks preceding or following keyword names, values and equal
     sign are ignored.
  
     Assignments may be spread over multiple lines, for example:

        BODY399_RADII = ( 6378.14 
                          6378.14 
                          6356.75 )

     This file may contain blank lines anywhere.  Non-printing
     characters including TAB should not be present in the file: the
     presence of such characters may make the file unreadable by
     SPICE software.


Time systems and reference frames

     The 2000 IAU/IAG Working Group Report [1] states that, to the
     accuracy of the formulas given, the time system used may be
     regarded as any of TDB (Barycentric Dynamical Time), TT
     (Terrestrial time, formerly called TDT), or T_eph (the independent
     variable of the JPL planetary ephemerides).  Reference [2], from
     which most data in this report were taken, erroneously identifies
     the time system as TCB (Barycentric Coordinate Time).

     SPICE software treats the time system used in this file as T_eph,
     but for historical reasons SPICE documentation refers to the time
     system as both "ET" and "TDB."  For consistency, documentation in
     this version of the file retains use of the name TDB.

     The origin of the time system is 2000 January 1 12:00:00 (TDB).
     Throughout SPICE documentation and in this file, we use the names
     "J2000 TDB" and "J2000" for this epoch.  The name "J2000.0" is
     equivalent.
 
     The inertial reference frame used for the rotational elements in
     this file is identified by [1] as the ICRF (International
     Celestial Reference Frame).  In this file, the frame is treated
     as J2000. The difference between the J2000 frame and the ICRF is
     on the order of tens of milliarcseconds and is well below the
     accuracy level of the formulas in this file.

Orientation models
 
     All of the orientation models use three Euler angles to describe
     body orientation. To be precise, the Euler angles describe the
     orientation of the coordinate axes of the "Body Equator and Prime
     Meridian" system with respect to an inertial system.  By default,
     the inertial system is J2000 (also called "EME2000"), but other
     frames can be specified in the file.  See the PCK Required Reading
     for details.
 
     The first two angles, in order, are the J2000 right ascension and
     declination (henceforth RA and DEC) of the north pole of a body as
     a function of time. The third angle is the prime meridian location
     (represented by "W"), which is expressed as a rotation about the
     north pole, and is also a function of time.
 
     For the Sun and planets, the expressions for the north pole's
     right ascension and declination, as well as prime meridian
     location, are sums (as far as the models that appear in this file
     are concerned) of quadratic polynomials and trigonometric
     polynomials, where the independent variable is time. Some
     coefficients may be zero.  Currently Neptune is the only planet
     for which trigonometric polynomial terms are used.

     In this file, the time arguments in expressions always refer to
     Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB), measured in centuries or days
     past a reference epoch.  By default, the reference epoch is
     the J2000 epoch, which is Julian ephemeris date 2451545.0, but
     other epochs can be specified in the file.  See the PCK Required
     Reading for details.
 
     Example:  1991 IAU Model for orientation of the Earth.   Note that 
     these values are used as an example only; see the data area below 
     for current values.

 
        alpha   =   0.00 - 0.641 T             ( RA )
             0
 
        delta   =  90.0  - 0.557 T             ( DEC )
             0
 
        W       =  190.16 + 360.9856235 d      ( Prime meridian )
 
 
        T represents centuries past J2000 ( TDB ),
 
        d represents days past J2000 ( TDB ).
 
     In this file, the polynomials' coefficients above are assigned to the
     symbols
 
        BODY399_POLE_RA
        BODY399_POLE_DEC
        BODY399_POLE_PM
 
     as follows:
 
        BODY399_POLE_RA        = (    0.      -0.641         0. )
        BODY399_POLE_DEC       = (   90.      -0.557         0. )
        BODY399_PM             = (  190.16   360.9856235     0. )
 
     Note the number "399"; this is the NAIF ID code for the Earth.
 
     You'll see an additional symbol grouped with the ones listed here; it
     is
 
        BODY399_LONG_AXIS
 
     This term is zero for all bodies except Mars. It represents the
     angular offset between the meridian containing the longest axis of
     the triaxial ellipsoid used to model a body and the prime meridian
     of the body.

     Expressions for satellites are a little more complicated; in addition
     to polynomial terms, there are trigonometric terms. The arguments of
     the trigonometric terms are linear polynomials. In this file, we call
     the arguments of these trigonometric terms "nutation precession
     angles."
 
     In this file, the polynomial expressions for the nutation precession
     angles are listed along with the planet's RA, DEC, and prime meridian
     terms.
 
     Example: 1991 IAU nutation precession angles for Earth.  Note that these
     values are used as an example only; see the data area below for current 
     values.
 
        E1 = 125.045 -  0.052992 d
        E2 = 250.090 -  0.105984 d
        E3 = 260.008 + 13.012001 d
        E4 = 176.625 + 13.340716 d
        E5 = 357.529 +  0.985600 d
 
        d represents days past J2000 ( TDB )
 
     Because the SPICE Toolkit software expects the time units for the
     angles to be CENTURIES (as in the IAU models for most bodies--the
     Earth is an exception), the linear coefficients are scaled by 
     36525.0 (days/century) in the assignments:
 
        BODY3_NUT_PREC_ANGLES  = (  125.045    -1935.5328
                                    250.090    -3871.0656
                                    260.008   475263.336525
                                    176.625   487269.6519
                                    357.529    35999.04     )
 
     As stated above, the satellite orientation models use polynomial and
     trigonometric terms, where the arguments of the trigonometric terms
     are the "nutation precession angles."
 
     Example: 1988 IAU values for the Moon.  Again, these values are used 
     as an example only; see the data area below for current values.
 
 
        alpha   =  270.000  +  0.003 T  -  3.878 sin(E1) - 0.120 sin(E2)
             0
                                        +  0.070 sin(E3) - 0.017 sin(E4)  (RA)
 
 
        delta   =  66.541   +  0.013 T  +  1.543 cos(E1) + 0.024 cos(E2)
             0
                                        -  0.028 cos(E3) + 0.007 cos(E4)  (DEC)
 
 
        W       =  38.317   + 13.1763582 d    +  3.558 sin(E1)
 
                                              +  0.121 sin(E2)
 
                                              -  0.064 sin(E3)
 
                                              +  0.016 sin(E4)
 
                                              +  0.025 sin(E5)  ( Prime
                                                                 meridian )
 
        d represents days past J2000.
 
        E1--E5 are the nutation precession angles.
 
     The polynomial terms are assigned to symbols by the statements
 
        BODY301_POLE_RA        = (  270.000    0.003        0. )
        BODY301_POLE_DEC       = (   66.541    0.013        0. )
        BODY301_PM             = (   38.317   13.1763582    0. )
 
     The coefficients of the trigonometric terms are assigned to symbols by
     the statements
 
        BODY301_NUT_PREC_RA  = (  -3.878  -0.120   0.070  -0.017   0.    )
        BODY301_NUT_PREC_DEC = (   1.543   0.024  -0.028   0.007   0.    )
        BODY301_NUT_PREC_PM  = (   3.558   0.121  -0.064   0.016   0.025 )
 
     Note that for the RA and PM (prime meridian) assignments, the ith term
     is the coefficient of sin(Ei) in the expression used in the IAU model,
     while for the DEC assignment, the ith term is the coefficient of
     cos(Ei) in the expression used in the IAU model.
 
     SPICE software expects the models for satellite orientation to
     follow the form of the model shown here: the polynomial portions of the
     RA, DEC, and W expressions are expected to be quadratic, the 
     trigonometric terms for RA and W (satellite prime meridian) are expected 
     to be linear combinations of sines of nutation precession angles, the 
     trigonometric terms for DEC are expected to be linear combinations of 
     cosines of nutation precession angles, and the polynomials for the 
     nutation precession angles themselves are expected to be linear.
 
     Eventually, the software will handle more complex expressions, we
     expect.
 
 
Shape models
 
     There is only one kind of shape model supported by the SPICE Toolkit
     software at present: the triaxial ellipsoid. The 2000 IAU report does
     not use any other models, except in the case of Mars, where 
     separate values are given for the north and south polar radii.
 
     For each body, three radii are listed:  The first number is
     the largest equatorial radius (the length of the semi-axis
     containing the prime meridian), the second number is the smaller
     equatorial radius, and the third is the polar radius.
 
     Example: Radii of the Earth.
 
        BODY399_RADII     = (     6378.14    6378.14      6356.75   )
 
 
Body numbers and names
--------------------------------------------------------
 
 
        1  Mercury barycenter
        2  Venus barycenter
        3  Earth barycenter
        4  Mars barycenter
        5  Jupiter barycenter
        6  Saturn barycenter
        7  Uranus barycenter
        8  Neptune barycenter
        9  Pluto barycenter
        10 Sun
 
        While not relevant to the P_constants kernel, we note here for
        completeness that 0 is used to represent the solar system
        barycenter.
 
        199 Mercury
 
 
        299 Venus
 
 
        399 Earth
 
        301 Moon
 
 
        499 Mars
 
        401 Phobos      402 Deimos
 
 
        599 Jupiter
 
        501 Io          502 Europa      503 Ganymede    504 Callisto
        505 Amalthea    506 Himalia     507 Elara       508 Pasiphae
        509 Sinope      510 Lysithea    511 Carme       512 Ananke
        513 Leda        514 Thebe       515 Adrastea    516 Metis
 
 
        699 Saturn
 
        601 Mimas       602 Enceladus   603 Tethys      604 Dione
        605 Rhea        606 Titan       607 Hyperion    608 Iapetus
        609 Phoebe      610 Janus       611 Epimetheus  612 Helene
        613 Telesto     614 Calypso     615 Atlas       616 Prometheus
        617 Pandora     618 Pan
 
 
        799 Uranus
 
        701 Ariel       702 Umbriel     703 Titania     704 Oberon
        705 Miranda     706 Cordelia    707 Ophelia     708 Bianca
        709 Cressida    710 Desdemona   711 Juliet      712 Portia
        713 Rosalind    714 Belinda     715 Puck
 
 
        899 Neptune
 
        801 Triton      802 Nereid      803 Naiad       804 Thalassa
        805 Despina     806 Galatea     807 Larissa     808 Proteus
 
 
        999 Pluto
 
        901 Charon
 
 
        2000004 Asteroid Vesta
        2000216 Asteroid Kleopatra
        2000433 Asteroid Eros
        2431010 Asteroid Ida
        9511010 Asteroid Gaspra
        
 
Orientation constants for the Sun and planets
--------------------------------------------------------
 
 
Sun
 
     Old values:
 
        Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report.
 
     Current values:
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY10_POLE_RA         = (  286.13       0.          0. )
        BODY10_POLE_DEC        = (   63.87       0.          0. )
        BODY10_PM              = (   84.10      14.18440     0. )
        BODY10_LONG_AXIS       = (    0.                        )

        \begintext
 
Mercury
 
     Old values:
 
        body199_pole_ra          = (  281.01,     -0.033,      0. )
        body199_pole_dec         = (   61.45,     -0.005,      0. )
        body199_pm               = (  329.55       6.1385025   0. )
 
        body199_long_axis        = (    0.                        )


     Current values:
  
        \begindata

        BODY199_POLE_RA          = (  281.01     -0.033      0. )
        BODY199_POLE_DEC         = (   61.45     -0.005      0. )
        BODY199_PM               = (  329.548     6.1385025  0. )
 
        BODY199_LONG_AXIS        = (    0.                        )
 
        \begintext
 
  
Venus
 
     Old values:
 
        Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 
 
     Current values:
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY299_POLE_RA          = (  272.76       0.          0. )
        BODY299_POLE_DEC         = (   67.16       0.          0. )
        BODY299_PM               = (  160.20      -1.4813688   0. )
 
        BODY299_LONG_AXIS        = (    0.                        )
 
        \begintext


Earth
 
     Old values:
 
        Values shown are from the 1994 IAU report [4].
        
           body399_pole_ra        = (    0.      -0.641         0. )
           body399_pole_dec       = (   90.      -0.557         0. )
           body399_pm             = (  190.16   360.9856235     0. )
           body399_long_axis      = (    0.                        )
 
        Nutation precession angles are unchanged in the 2000 report.
 
 
     Current values:
 
        \begindata 
 
        BODY399_POLE_RA        = (    0.      -0.641         0. )
        BODY399_POLE_DEC       = (   90.      -0.557         0. )
        BODY399_PM             = (  190.147  360.9856235     0. )
        BODY399_LONG_AXIS      = (    0.                        )

        \begintext


        Nutation precession angles for the Earth-Moon system:

           The linear coefficients have been scaled up from degrees/day
           to degrees/century, because the SPICELIB PCK reader expects
           these units.  The original constants were:
        
                                    125.045D0   -0.0529921D0
                                    250.089D0   -0.1059842D0
                                    260.008D0   13.0120009D0
                                    176.625D0   13.3407154D0
                                    357.529D0    0.9856003D0
                                    311.589D0   26.4057084D0
                                    134.963D0   13.0649930D0
                                    276.617D0    0.3287146D0
                                     34.226D0    1.7484877D0
                                     15.134D0   -0.1589763D0
                                    119.743D0    0.0036096D0
                                    239.961D0    0.1643573D0
                                     25.053D0   12.9590088D0 


        \begindata

       
        BODY3_NUT_PREC_ANGLES  = (  125.045         -1935.5364525000
                                    250.089         -3871.0729050000
                                    260.008        475263.3328725000  
                                    176.625        487269.6299850000
                                    357.529         35999.0509575000
                                    311.589        964468.4993100000
                                    134.963        477198.8693250000
                                    276.617         12006.3007650000
                                     34.226         63863.5132425000 
                                     15.134         -5806.6093575000
                                    119.743           131.8406400000
                                    239.961          6003.1503825000 
                                     25.053        473327.7964200000 )


        \begintext
 

     Earth north geomagnetic centered dipole:

        Old values:

           Values are from [11].  Note the year of publication was 1971.

           body399_mag_north_pole_lon  =  ( -69.761 )
           body399_mag_north_pole_lat  =  (  78.565 )


        Current values:

           The north dipole location is time-varying.  The values shown
           below, taken from [12], represent a discrete sampling of the
           north dipole location from 1945 to 2000. The terms DGRF and
           IGRF refer to, respectively, "Definitive Geomagnetic
           Reference Field" and "International Geomagnetic Reference
           Field."  See references [10], [12], and [13] for details.

           Coordinates are planetocentric. 

             Data source    Lat      Lon
             -----------   -----    ------
              DGRF 1945    78.47    291.47
              DGRF 1950    78.47    291.15
              DGRF 1955    78.46    290.84
              DGRF 1960    78.51    290.53
              DGRF 1965    78.53    290.15
              DGRF 1970    78.59    289.82
              DGRF 1975    78.69    289.53
              DGRF 1980    78.81    289.24 
              DGRF 1985    78.97    289.10
              DGRF 1990    79.13    288.89
              IGRF 1995    79.30    288.59
              IGRF 2000    79.54    288.43      


        Values are given for the epoch 2000 and are from the final row
        of the above table, which is from [12]. As shown by the table
        these values constitute a low-accuracy approximation for epochs
        not close to 2000.

        \begindata
       
        BODY399_N_GEOMAG_CTR_DIPOLE_LON  =  ( 288.43 )
        BODY399_N_GEOMAG_CTR_DIPOLE_LAT  =  (  79.54 )

        \begintext

 
Mars
 
     Old values:
 
        Values shown are from the 1994 IAU report [4].
        
           body499_pole_ra          = (  317.681     -0.108       0.  )
           body499_pole_dec         = (   52.886     -0.061       0.  )
           body499_pm               = (  176.901    350.8919830   0.  )

        Nutation precession angles are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report.

        Old lambda_a values were specified as POSITIVE WEST LONGITUDE.
        Reference [14] gave the value

           body499_long_axis        = (  110.  )
 
        and reference [15] gave the value

           body499_long_axis        = (  104.9194  )

   
     Current values:
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY499_POLE_RA          = (  317.68143   -0.1061      0.  )
        BODY499_POLE_DEC         = (   52.88650   -0.0609      0.  )
        BODY499_PM               = (  176.630    350.89198226  0.  )

        \begintext
 
        Source [9] specifies the following value for the lambda_a term
        (BODY499_LONG_AXIS ) for Mars. This term is the POSITIVE EAST
        LONGITUDE, measured from the prime meridian, of the meridian
        containing the longest axis of the reference ellipsoid.
        (CAUTION: previous values were POSITIVE WEST.)

           body499_long_axis        = (  252.  )
 
        We list this lambda_a value for completeness. The IAU report
        [2] gives equal values for both equatorial radii, so the
        lambda_a offset does not apply to the IAU model.
 
        The 2000 IAU report defines M2, the second nutation precession angle,
        by:
 
                                                2
           192.93  +  1128.4096700 d  +  8.864 T
 
        We truncate the M2 series to a linear expression, because the PCK
        software cannot handle the quadratic term.
 
        Again, the linear terms are scaled by 36525.0:
 
            -0.4357640000000000       -->     -15916.28010000000
          1128.409670000000           -->   41215163.19675000
            -1.8151000000000000E-02   -->       -662.9652750000000
 
        We also introduce a fourth nutation precession angle, which
        is the pi/2-complement of the third angle.  This angle is used
        in computing the prime meridian location for Deimos.  See the
        discussion of this angle below in the section containing orientation
        constants for Deimos.
 
        \begindata

        BODY4_NUT_PREC_ANGLES  = (  169.51     -15916.2801
                                    192.93   41215163.19675
                                     53.47       -662.965275
                                     36.53        662.965275  )
 
        \begintext
 
 
Jupiter
 
     Old values:
 
        body599_pole_ra        = (   268.05    -0.009      0.  )
        body599_pole_dec       = (   +64.49    +0.003      0.  )
        body599_pm             = (   284.95  +870.5366420  0.  )
        body599_long_axis      = (     0.                      )
 
        body5_nut_prec_angles  = (   73.32   +91472.9
                                     24.62   +45137.2
                                    283.90    +4850.7
                                    355.80    +1191.3
                                    119.90     +262.1
                                    229.80      +64.3
                                    352.25    +2382.6
                                    113.35    +6070.0
                                    146.64  +182945.8
                                     49.24   +90274.4  )
                 
     Current values:
 
        The number of nutation precession angles is ten. The ninth and
        tenth are twice the first and second, respectively.
 
        \begindata
 
 
        BODY599_POLE_RA        = (   268.05      -0.009       0. )
        BODY599_POLE_DEC       = (    64.49       0.003       0. )
        BODY599_PM             = (   284.95     870.5366420   0. )
        BODY599_LONG_AXIS      = (     0.                        )
 
        BODY5_NUT_PREC_ANGLES  = (    73.32   91472.9
                                      24.62   45137.2
                                     283.90    4850.7
                                     355.80    1191.3
                                     119.90     262.1
                                     229.80      64.3
                                     352.35    2382.6
                                     113.35    6070.0   
                                     146.64  182945.8
                                      49.24   90274.4  )
        \begintext
 
 
Saturn
 
     Old values:
 
        Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report.

     Current values:
 
        \begindata

        BODY699_POLE_RA        = (    40.589    -0.036      0.  )
        BODY699_POLE_DEC       = (    83.537    -0.004      0.  )
        BODY699_PM             = (    38.90    810.7939024  0.  )
        BODY699_LONG_AXIS      = (     0.                       )
 
       \begintext
 
        The first seven angles given here are the angles S1 
        through S7 from the 2000 report; the eighth and
        ninth angles are 2*S1 and 2*S2, respectively.
 
 
        \begindata

        BODY6_NUT_PREC_ANGLES  = (  353.32   75706.7
                                     28.72   75706.7  
                                    177.40  -36505.5 
                                    300.00   -7225.9 
                                    316.45     506.2
                                    345.20   -1016.3  
                                     29.80     -52.1
                                    706.64  151413.4
                                     57.44  151413.4  )
       \begintext
 
 
Uranus
 
     Old values:
 
        Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report.
 
     Current values:
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY799_POLE_RA        = (  257.311     0.         0.  )
        BODY799_POLE_DEC       = (  -15.175     0.         0.  )
        BODY799_PM             = (  203.81   -501.1600928  0.  )
        BODY799_LONG_AXIS      = (    0.                       )
 
        \begintext
        
        The first 16 angles given here are the angles U1 
        through U16 from the 2000 report; the 17th and
        18th angles are 2*U11 and 2*U12, respectively.
        
        \begindata
         
        BODY7_NUT_PREC_ANGLES  = (  115.75   54991.87
                                    141.69   41887.66
                                    135.03   29927.35
                                     61.77   25733.59  
                                    249.32   24471.46
                                     43.86   22278.41 
                                     77.66   20289.42  
                                    157.36   16652.76  
                                    101.81   12872.63   
                                    138.64    8061.81
                                    102.23   -2024.22 
                                    316.41    2863.96  
                                    304.01     -51.94  
                                    308.71     -93.17 
                                    340.82     -75.32 
                                    259.14    -504.81 
                                    204.46   -4048.44
                                    632.82    5727.92     )
                                    
        \begintext
 
 
 
Neptune
 
     Old values:
 
        Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report.  However,
        the kernel variables used to store the values have changed.
        See note immediately below. 
 
     Current values:

        The kernel variables 

           BODY899_NUT_PREC_RA
           BODY899_NUT_PREC_DEC
           BODY899_NUT_PREC_PM
 
        are new in this PCK version (dated October 17, 2003).  
        These variables capture trigonometric terms in the expressions
        for Neptune's pole direction and prime meridian location.
        Version N0057 of the SPICE Toolkit uses these variables;
        earlier versions can read them but ignore them when 
        computing Neptune's orientation.

           \begindata        
 
           BODY899_POLE_RA        = (  299.36     0.         0. )
           BODY899_POLE_DEC       = (   43.46     0.         0. )
           BODY899_PM             = (  253.18   536.3128492  0. )
           BODY899_LONG_AXIS      = (    0.                     )


           BODY899_NUT_PREC_RA    = (  0.70 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) 
           BODY899_NUT_PREC_DEC   = ( -0.51 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. )
           BODY899_NUT_PREC_PM    = ( -0.48 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. )

           \begintext
 
           The 2000 report defines the nutation precession angles
 
              N, N1, N2, ... , N7
 
           and also uses the multiples of N1 and N7
 
              2*N1
 
           and
 
              2*N7, 3*N7, ..., 9*N7
 
           In this file, we treat the angles and their multiples as
           separate angles.  In the kernel variable
 
              BODY8_NUT_PREC_ANGLES
 
           the order of the angles is
 
              N, N1, N2, ... , N7, 2*N1, 2*N7, 3*N7, ..., 9*N7
 
           Each angle is defined by a linear polynomial, so two
           consecutive array elements are allocated for each
           angle.  The first term of each pair is the constant term,
           the second is the linear term.
 
              \begindata 

              BODY8_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = (   357.85         52.316
                                          323.92      62606.6
                                          220.51      55064.2 
                                          354.27      46564.5
                                           75.31      26109.4 
                                           35.36      14325.4
                                          142.61       2824.6  
                                          177.85         52.316 
                                          647.840    125213.200
                                          355.700       104.632
                                          533.550       156.948
                                          711.400       209.264
                                          889.250       261.580
                                         1067.100       313.896
                                         1244.950       366.212
                                         1422.800       418.528
                                         1600.650       470.844   )
                                         
               \begintext
 
 
 
Pluto
 
     Old values:
 
         Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 
 
     Current values:
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY999_POLE_RA        = (  313.02    0.         0.   )
        BODY999_POLE_DEC       = (    9.09    0.         0.   )
        BODY999_PM             = (  236.77  -56.3623195  0.   )
        BODY999_LONG_AXIS      = (    0.                     )

       \begintext
 
 
 
 
Orientation constants for the satellites
--------------------------------------------------------
 
 
Satellites of Earth
 
     Old values:
 
        Values are from the 1988 IAU report.
        
        body301_pole_ra        = (  270.000    0.           0. )
        body301_pole_dec       = (   66.534    0.           0. )
        body301_pm             = (   38.314   13.1763581    0. )
        body301_long_axis      = (    0.                       )
 
        body301_nut_prec_ra  = (  -3.878  -0.120   0.070  -0.017   0.    )
        body301_nut_prec_dec = (   1.543   0.024  -0.028   0.007   0.    )
        body301_nut_prec_pm  = (   3.558   0.121  -0.064   0.016   0.025 )
 
        BODY301_POLE_RA      = (  269.9949    0.0031        0.        )
        BODY301_POLE_DEC     = (   66.5392    0.0130        0.        )
        BODY301_PM           = (   38.3213   13.17635815   -1.4D-12   )
        BODY301_LONG_AXIS    = (    0.                                )
   
        BODY301_NUT_PREC_RA  = (  -3.8787   -0.1204   0.0700  -0.0172
                                   0.        0.0072   0.       0.
                                   0.       -0.0052   0.       0.
                                   0.0043                             )
        
        BODY301_NUT_PREC_DEC = (   1.5419   0.0239   -0.0278   0.0068
                                   0.      -0.0029    0.0009   0.
                                   0.       0.0008    0.       0.
                                  -0.0009                             )
        
        BODY301_NUT_PREC_PM  = (  3.5610    0.1208   -0.0642   0.0158
                                  0.0252   -0.0066   -0.0047  -0.0046
                                  0.0028    0.0052    0.0040   0.0019
                                 -0.0044                              )
 
     New values:
 
        \begindata
 
 



        BODY301_POLE_RA      = (  269.9949        0.0031        0.      )
        BODY301_POLE_DEC     = (   66.5392        0.0130        0.      )
        BODY301_PM           = (   38.3213       13.17635815   -1.4D-12 )
        BODY301_LONG_AXIS    = (    0.                                  )
   
        BODY301_NUT_PREC_RA  = (   -3.8787   -0.1204   0.0700   -0.0172
                                    0.0       0.0072   0.0       0.0
                                    0.0      -0.0052   0.0       0.0
                                    0.0043                              )
        
        BODY301_NUT_PREC_DEC = (   1.5419     0.0239  -0.0278    0.0068
                                   0.0       -0.0029   0.0009    0.0
                                   0.0        0.0008   0.0       0.0     
                                  -0.0009                               )
        
        BODY301_NUT_PREC_PM  = (   3.5610     0.1208  -0.0642    0.0158
                                   0.0252    -0.0066  -0.0047   -0.0046
                                   0.0028     0.0052   0.0040    0.0019
                                  -0.0044                               )
       \begintext
 

 
Satellites of Mars
 
 
     Phobos
 
          Old values:
 
             Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report.
 
          Current values:
 
            The quadratic prime meridian term is scaled by 1/36525**2:
 
               8.864000000000000   --->   6.6443009930565219E-09
 
          \begindata
 
          BODY401_POLE_RA  = ( 317.68    -0.108     0.                     )
          BODY401_POLE_DEC = (  52.90    -0.061     0.                     )
          BODY401_PM       = (  35.06  1128.8445850 6.6443009930565219E-09 )
                                       
          BODY401_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.         0. )
 
          BODY401_NUT_PREC_RA   = (   1.79    0.    0.   0. )
          BODY401_NUT_PREC_DEC  = (  -1.08    0.    0.   0. )
          BODY401_NUT_PREC_PM   = (  -1.42   -0.78  0.   0. )


         \begintext
 
 
     Deimos
 
        Old values:
 
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report.
 
 
        New values:
 
           The Deimos prime meridian expression is:
 
 
                                                     2
              W = 79.41  +  285.1618970 d  -  0.520 T  -  2.58 sin M
                                                                    3
 
                                                       +  0.19 cos M .
                                                                    3
 
 
           At the present time, the PCK kernel software (the routine
           BODEUL in particular) cannot handle the cosine term directly,
           but we can represent it as
 
              0.19 sin M
                        4
 
           where
 
              M   =  90.D0 - M
               4              3
 
           Therefore, the nutation precession angle assignments for Phobos
           and Deimos contain four coefficients rather than three.
 
           The quadratic prime meridian term is scaled by 1/36525**2:
 
              -0.5200000000000000  --->   -3.8978300049519307E-10
 
           \begindata
 
           BODY402_POLE_RA       = (  316.65     -0.108       0.           )
           BODY402_POLE_DEC      = (   53.52     -0.061       0.           )
           BODY402_PM            = (   79.41    285.1618970  -3.897830D-10 )
           BODY402_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                                 )
 
           BODY402_NUT_PREC_RA   = (    0.   0.   2.98    0.   )
           BODY402_NUT_PREC_DEC  = (    0.   0.  -1.78    0.   )
           BODY402_NUT_PREC_PM   = (    0.   0.  -2.58    0.19 )

          \begintext
 
 
 
 
Satellites of Jupiter
 
 
     Io
 
          Old values:
 
             Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report.
 
          Current values:
         
        \begindata
 
        BODY501_POLE_RA       = (  268.05          -0.009      0. )
        BODY501_POLE_DEC      = (   64.50           0.003      0. )
        BODY501_PM            = (  200.39         203.4889538  0. )
        BODY501_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                           )
 
        BODY501_NUT_PREC_RA   = (    0.   0.     0.094    0.024   )
        BODY501_NUT_PREC_DEC  = (    0.   0.     0.040    0.011   )
        BODY501_NUT_PREC_PM   = (    0.   0.    -0.085   -0.022   )

        \begintext
 
 
 
     Europa
 
 
        Old values:

        body502_pole_ra       = (  268.08          -0.009      0.   )
        body502_pole_dec      = (   64.51           0.003      0.   )
        body502_pm            = (   35.67         101.3747235  0.   )
        body502_long_axis     = (    0.                             )
 
        body502_nut_prec_ra   = ( 0. 0. 0.   1.086   0.060   0.015   0.009 )
        body502_nut_prec_dec  = ( 0. 0. 0.   0.468   0.026   0.007   0.002 )
        body502_nut_prec_pm   = ( 0. 0. 0.  -0.980  -0.054  -0.014  -0.008 )
        
        Current values:
 
        \begindata 
 
        BODY502_POLE_RA       = (  268.08          -0.009      0.   )
        BODY502_POLE_DEC      = (   64.51           0.003      0.   )
        BODY502_PM            = (   36.022        101.3747235  0.   )
        BODY502_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                             )
 
        BODY502_NUT_PREC_RA   = ( 0. 0. 0.   1.086   0.060   0.015   0.009 )
        BODY502_NUT_PREC_DEC  = ( 0. 0. 0.   0.468   0.026   0.007   0.002 )
        BODY502_NUT_PREC_PM   = ( 0. 0. 0.  -0.980  -0.054  -0.014  -0.008 )
 
        \begintext
 
 
     Ganymede
 
        Old values:

        body503_pole_ra       = (  268.20          -0.009      0.   )
        body503_pole_dec      = (  +64.57          +0.003      0.   )
        body503_pm            = (   44.04         +50.3176081  0.   )
        body503_long_axis     = (    0.                             )
 
        body503_nut_prec_ra   = ( 0. 0. 0.  -0.037  +0.431  +0.091   )
        body503_nut_prec_dec  = ( 0. 0. 0.  -0.016  +0.186  +0.039   )
        body503_nut_prec_pm   = ( 0. 0. 0.  +0.033  -0.389  -0.082   )
        
        Current values:
        
        \begindata
    
        BODY503_POLE_RA       = (  268.20         -0.009       0.  )
        BODY503_POLE_DEC      = (   64.57          0.003       0.  )
        BODY503_PM            = (   44.064        50.3176081   0.  )
        BODY503_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                            )

        BODY503_NUT_PREC_RA   = ( 0. 0. 0.  -0.037   0.431   0.091   )
        BODY503_NUT_PREC_DEC  = ( 0. 0. 0.  -0.016   0.186   0.039   )
        BODY503_NUT_PREC_PM   = ( 0. 0. 0.   0.033  -0.389  -0.082   )
 
        \begintext
 
 
     Callisto
 
 
        Old values:
        
        body504_pole_ra       = (   268.72   -0.009      0.  )
        body504_pole_dec      = (   +64.83   +0.003      0.  )
        body504_pm            = (   259.73  +21.5710715  0.  )
        body504_long_axis     = (     0.                     )
 
        body504_nut_prec_ra   = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.068 +0.590  0. +0.010 )
        body504_nut_prec_dec  = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.029 +0.254  0. -0.004 )
        body504_nut_prec_pm   = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.061 -0.533  0. -0.009 )
        
        Current values:
        
        
        \begindata
  
        BODY504_POLE_RA       = (   268.72    -0.009       0.  )
        BODY504_POLE_DEC      = (    64.83     0.003       0.  )
        BODY504_PM            = (   259.51    21.5710715   0.  )
        BODY504_LONG_AXIS     = (     0.                       )
 
        BODY504_NUT_PREC_RA   = ( 0. 0. 0. 0.  -0.068   0.590  0.   0.010 )
        BODY504_NUT_PREC_DEC  = ( 0. 0. 0. 0.  -0.029   0.254  0.  -0.004 )
        BODY504_NUT_PREC_PM   = ( 0. 0. 0. 0.   0.061  -0.533  0.  -0.009 )
 
        \begintext
 
 
     Amalthea
 
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report.        
        
        Current values:
         
        \begindata
 
        BODY505_POLE_RA       = (   268.05    -0.009      0.  )
        BODY505_POLE_DEC      = (    64.49     0.003      0.  )
        BODY505_PM            = (   231.67   722.6314560  0.  )
        BODY505_LONG_AXIS     = (     0.                      )
 
        BODY505_NUT_PREC_RA  = ( -0.84  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.   0.01  0. )
        BODY505_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.36  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.   0.    0. )
        BODY505_NUT_PREC_PM  = (  0.76  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.  -0.01  0. )
 
        \begintext
 
 
     Thebe
 
 
        Old values:
                
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report.                
          
        Current values:
        
        \begindata
 
        BODY514_POLE_RA       = (  268.05     -0.009       0.  )
        BODY514_POLE_DEC      = (   64.49      0.003       0.  )
        BODY514_PM            = (    8.56    533.7004100   0.  )
        BODY514_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                        )
 
        BODY514_NUT_PREC_RA  = ( 0.  -2.11  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.  0.04 )
        BODY514_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0.  -0.91  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.  0.01 )
        BODY514_NUT_PREC_PM  = ( 0.   1.91  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.04 )
 
        \begintext
 
 
     Adrastea
 
        Old values:
                
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report.                
        
        Current values:
        
        \begindata
 
 
 
        BODY515_POLE_RA       = (  268.05     -0.009       0.  )
        BODY515_POLE_DEC      = (   64.49      0.003       0.  )
        BODY515_PM            = (   33.29   1206.9986602   0.  )
        BODY515_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                        )

        \begintext
 
 
     Metis
  
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report.  
              
        Current values:
           
        \begindata

        BODY516_POLE_RA       = (  268.05     -0.009       0.  )
        BODY516_POLE_DEC      = (   64.49      0.003       0.  )
        BODY516_PM            = (  346.09   1221.2547301   0.  )
        BODY516_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                        )
 
        \begintext
 
 
 
Satellites of Saturn
      
     
     Mimas
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report.  
               
        Current values:
 
           \begindata
  
           BODY601_POLE_RA       = (   40.66     -0.036      0.  )
           BODY601_POLE_DEC      = (   83.52     -0.004      0.  )
           BODY601_PM            = (  337.46    381.9945550  0.  )
           BODY601_LONG_AXIS     = (     0.                      )
 
           BODY601_NUT_PREC_RA   = ( 0. 0.   13.56  0.    0.    0. 0. 0. 0. )
           BODY601_NUT_PREC_DEC  = ( 0. 0.   -1.53  0.    0.    0. 0. 0. 0. )
           BODY601_NUT_PREC_PM   = ( 0. 0.  -13.48  0.  -44.85  0. 0. 0. 0. )

          \begintext
 
 
     Enceladus
 
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report.  
               
        Current values:
 
           \begindata
 
           BODY602_POLE_RA       = (   40.66    -0.036       0. )
           BODY602_POLE_DEC      = (   83.52    -0.004       0. )
           BODY602_PM            = (    2.82   262.7318996   0. )
           BODY602_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                      )

           \begintext
 
 
 
     Tethys
 
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 
 
        Current values:
 
           \begindata
 
           BODY603_POLE_RA       = (   40.66    -0.036       0. )
           BODY603_POLE_DEC      = (   83.52    -0.004       0. )
           BODY603_PM            = (   10.45   190.6979085   0. )
           BODY603_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                      )
 
           BODY603_NUT_PREC_RA   = ( 0. 0. 0.   9.66   0.    0.  0.  0.  0. )
           BODY603_NUT_PREC_DEC  = ( 0. 0. 0.  -1.09   0.    0.  0.  0.  0. )
           BODY603_NUT_PREC_PM   = ( 0. 0. 0.  -9.60   2.23  0.  0.  0.  0. )

           \begintext
 
 
     Dione
 
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 
 
        Current values:
 
           \begindata
   
           BODY604_POLE_RA       = (  40.66      -0.036      0.  )
           BODY604_POLE_DEC      = (  83.52      -0.004      0.  )
           BODY604_PM            = (  357.00    131.5349316  0.  )
           BODY604_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                       )

          \begintext
 
 
 
     Rhea
     
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 
 
        Current values:
 
           \begindata
   
           BODY605_POLE_RA       = (   40.38   -0.036       0. )
           BODY605_POLE_DEC      = (   83.55   -0.004       0. )
           BODY605_PM            = (  235.16   79.6900478   0. )
           BODY605_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                     )
 
           BODY605_NUT_PREC_RA   = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.   3.10   0. 0. 0. )
           BODY605_NUT_PREC_DEC  = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.  -0.35   0. 0. 0. )
           BODY605_NUT_PREC_PM   = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.  -3.08   0. 0. 0. )
 
          \begintext
 
 
 
     Titan
 
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata
 
           BODY606_POLE_RA       = (    36.41   -0.036      0. )
           BODY606_POLE_DEC      = (    83.94   -0.004      0. )
           BODY606_PM            = (   189.64   22.5769768  0. )
           BODY606_LONG_AXIS     = (     0.                    )
 
           BODY606_NUT_PREC_RA   = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.  2.66  0. 0 )
           BODY606_NUT_PREC_DEC  = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.30  0. 0 )
           BODY606_NUT_PREC_PM   = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -2.64  0. 0 )

           \begintext
 
 
 
     Hyperion
 
         The IAU report does not give an orientation model for Hyperion.
         Hyperion's rotation is in chaotic and is not predictable for
         long periods.

 
     Iapetus
 
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata
 
           BODY608_POLE_RA       = (   318.16  -3.949      0.  )
           BODY608_POLE_DEC      = (    75.03  -1.143      0.  )
           BODY608_PM            = (   350.20   4.5379572  0.  )
           BODY608_LONG_AXIS     = (     0.                    )

           \begintext
 
 
 
     Phoebe
 

        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata 
  
           BODY609_POLE_RA       = ( 355.00       0.         0.  )
           BODY609_POLE_DEC      = (  68.70       0.         0.  )
           BODY609_PM            = ( 304.70     930.8338720  0.  )
           BODY609_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                       )

          \begintext
 
 
     Janus
 
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata

           BODY610_POLE_RA       = (  40.58    -0.036       0. )
           BODY610_POLE_DEC      = (  83.52    -0.004       0. )
           BODY610_PM            = (  58.83   518.2359876   0. )
           BODY610_LONG_AXIS     = (   0.                      )
 
           BODY610_NUT_PREC_RA   = ( 0. -1.623  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.  0.023 )
           BODY610_NUT_PREC_DEC  = ( 0. -0.183  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.  0.001 )
           BODY610_NUT_PREC_PM   = ( 0.  1.613  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.023 )
 
           \begintext
 
 
 
     Epimetheus
 
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 
         
        Current values:
 
           \begindata 
  
           BODY611_POLE_RA       = (  40.58    -0.036        0. )
           BODY611_POLE_DEC      = (  83.52    -0.004        0. )
           BODY611_PM            = ( 293.87   518.4907239    0. )
           BODY611_LONG_AXIS     = (   0.                       )
 
           BODY611_NUT_PREC_RA   = ( -3.153   0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.   0.086  0. )
           BODY611_NUT_PREC_DEC  = ( -0.356   0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.   0.005  0. )
           BODY611_NUT_PREC_PM   = (  3.133   0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.  -0.086  0. )

          \begintext
 
 
 
     Helene
 
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata 
 
           BODY612_POLE_RA       = (  40.85     -0.036        0. )
           BODY612_POLE_DEC      = (  83.34     -0.004        0. )
           BODY612_PM            = ( 245.12    131.6174056    0. )
           BODY612_LONG_AXIS     = (   0.                        )

           \begintext
 
 
 
     Telesto
 
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata 
 
           BODY613_POLE_RA       = ( 50.51    -0.036      0.  )
           BODY613_POLE_DEC      = ( 84.06    -0.004      0.  )
           BODY613_PM            = ( 56.88   190.6979332  0.  )
           BODY613_LONG_AXIS     = (  0.                      )

           \begintext

 
 
     Calypso
 
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata
  
           BODY614_POLE_RA       = (   36.41    -0.036        0.  )
           BODY614_POLE_DEC      = (   85.04    -0.004        0.  )
           BODY614_PM            = (  153.51   190.6742373    0.  )
           BODY614_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                        )
 
          \begintext
 
 
 
     Atlas
 
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata
 
           BODY615_POLE_RA       = (   40.58     -0.036      0. )
           BODY615_POLE_DEC      = (   83.53     -0.004      0. )  
           BODY615_PM            = (  137.88    598.3060000  0. )
           BODY615_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                      )

           \begintext
 
 
 
     Prometheus
 
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata
  
           BODY616_POLE_RA       = (  40.58      -0.036    )
           BODY616_POLE_DEC      = (  83.53      -0.004    )
           BODY616_PM            = ( 296.14     587.289000 )
           BODY616_LONG_AXIS     = (   0.                  )
 
           \begintext
 
 
 
     Pandora
 
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata
 
           BODY617_POLE_RA       = (   40.58     -0.036      0.  )
           BODY617_POLE_DEC      = (   83.53     -0.004      0.  )
           BODY617_PM            = (  162.92    572.7891000  0.  )
           BODY617_LONG_AXIS     = (     0.                      )
 
           \begintext
 
 
 
     Pan
 
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata
 
           BODY618_POLE_RA       = (   40.6     -0.036       0. )
           BODY618_POLE_DEC      = (   83.5     -0.004       0. )
           BODY618_PM            = (   48.8    626.0440000   0. )
           BODY618_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                      )

           \begintext
 
 
 
 
 
Satellites of Uranus
 
  
 
     Ariel
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 
 
        Current values:

           \begindata 

           BODY701_POLE_RA       = ( 257.43     0.          0. )
           BODY701_POLE_DEC      = ( -15.10     0.          0. )
           BODY701_PM            = ( 156.22  -142.8356681   0. )
           BODY701_LONG_AXIS     = (   0.                      )
 
           BODY701_NUT_PREC_RA   = (  0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
                                      0. 0. 0. 0. 0.  0.    0.    0.29 )
 
           BODY701_NUT_PREC_DEC  = (  0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
                                      0. 0. 0. 0. 0.  0.    0.    0.28 )
 
           BODY701_NUT_PREC_PM   = (  0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
                                      0. 0. 0. 0. 0.  0.   0.05   0.08 )
           \begintext
 
 
 
     Umbriel
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata 
 
           BODY702_POLE_RA       = (  257.43     0.          0. )
           BODY702_POLE_DEC      = (  -15.10     0.          0. )
           BODY702_PM            = (  108.05   -86.8688923   0. )
           BODY702_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                      )
 
           BODY702_NUT_PREC_RA   = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 
                                     0. 0. 0. 0. 0.   0.   0.    0.   0.21 )
 
           BODY702_NUT_PREC_DEC  = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 
                                     0. 0. 0. 0. 0.   0.   0.    0.   0.20 )
 
           BODY702_NUT_PREC_PM   = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.  
                                     0. 0. 0. 0. 0.   0.  -0.09  0.   0.06 )

           \begintext
 
 
 
     Titania
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata
 
           BODY703_POLE_RA       = (  257.43    0.          0. )
           BODY703_POLE_DEC      = (  -15.10    0.          0. )
           BODY703_PM            = (   77.74  -41.3514316   0. )
           BODY703_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                     )
 
           BODY703_NUT_PREC_RA   = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 
                                     0. 0. 0. 0. 0.   0. 0. 0. 0.   0.29 )
 
           BODY703_NUT_PREC_DEC  = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 
                                     0. 0. 0. 0. 0.   0. 0. 0. 0.   0.28 )
 
           BODY703_NUT_PREC_PM   = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.  
                                     0. 0. 0. 0. 0.   0. 0. 0. 0.   0.08 )
           \begintext
 
 
 
     Oberon
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata
  
           BODY704_POLE_RA       = (  257.43    0.          0. )
           BODY704_POLE_DEC      = (  -15.10    0.          0. )
           BODY704_PM            = (    6.77  -26.7394932   0. )
           BODY704_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                     )
 
 
           BODY704_NUT_PREC_RA   = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 
                                     0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 
                                     0. 0. 0. 0. 0.   0.16 )
 
           BODY704_NUT_PREC_DEC  = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 
                                     0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 
                                     0. 0. 0. 0. 0.   0.16 )
 
           BODY704_NUT_PREC_PM   = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.  
                                     0. 0. 0. 0. 0.  
                                     0. 0. 0. 0. 0.   0.04 )
           \begintext
 
 
 
     Miranda
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata
 

           BODY705_POLE_RA      = (  257.43     0.         0. )
           BODY705_POLE_DEC     = (  -15.08     0.         0. )
           BODY705_PM           = (   30.70  -254.6906892  0. )
           BODY705_LONG_AXIS    = (    0.                     )
 
           BODY705_NUT_PREC_RA  = ( 0.     0.     0.    0.    0.  
                                    0.     0.     0.    0.    0. 
                                    4.41   0.     0.    0.    0. 
                                    0.    -0.04   0.             )
 
           BODY705_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0.     0.     0.    0.    0.  
                                    0.     0.     0.    0.    0. 
                                    4.25   0.     0.    0.    0. 
                                    0.    -0.02   0.             )
 
           BODY705_NUT_PREC_PM  = ( 0.     0.     0.    0.    0.  
                                    0.     0.     0.    0.    0. 
                                    1.15  -1.27   0.    0.    0.  
                                    0.    -0.09   0.15           )
           \begintext
 
 
 
     Cordelia
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata
  
           BODY706_POLE_RA      = (   257.31      0.         0.  )
           BODY706_POLE_DEC     = (   -15.18      0.         0.  )
           BODY706_PM           = (   127.69  -1074.5205730  0.  )
           BODY706_LONG_AXIS    = (     0.                       )
 
           BODY706_NUT_PREC_RA  = (   -0.15    0.     0.    0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.    0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.    0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.             )

           BODY706_NUT_PREC_DEC = (    0.14    0.     0.    0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.    0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.    0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.             )  

           BODY706_NUT_PREC_PM  = (   -0.04    0.     0.    0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.    0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.    0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.             ) 
 
           \begintext
 
 
 
     Ophelia
 
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata
   
           BODY707_POLE_RA      = (  257.31     0.         0. )
           BODY707_POLE_DEC     = (  -15.18     0.         0. )
           BODY707_PM           = (  130.35  -956.4068150  0. )
           BODY707_LONG_AXIS    = (    0.                     )
 
           BODY707_NUT_PREC_RA  = (    0.     -0.09   0.    0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.    0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.    0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.             )

           BODY707_NUT_PREC_DEC = (    0.      0.09   0.    0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.    0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.    0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.             )

           BODY707_NUT_PREC_PM  = (    0.     -0.03   0.    0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.    0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.    0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.             )
 
          \begintext
 
 
 
     Bianca
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata
 
           BODY708_POLE_RA      = (  257.31     0.         0.  )
           BODY708_POLE_DEC     = (  -15.18     0.         0.  )
           BODY708_PM           = (  105.46  -828.3914760  0.  )
           BODY708_LONG_AXIS    = (    0.                      )
 
           BODY708_NUT_PREC_RA  = (    0.      0.    -0.16    0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.      0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.      0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.               )

           BODY708_NUT_PREC_DEC = (    0.      0.     0.16    0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.      0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.      0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.               )

           BODY708_NUT_PREC_PM  = (    0.      0.    -0.04    0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.      0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.      0.    0.
                                       0.      0.     0.               )

          \begintext
 
 
 
     Cressida
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata
 
 
           BODY709_POLE_RA      = (  257.31      0.          0.  )
           BODY709_POLE_DEC     = (  -15.18      0.          0.  )
           BODY709_PM           = (   59.16   -776.5816320   0.  )
           BODY709_LONG_AXIS    = (    0.                        )
 

           BODY709_NUT_PREC_RA  = (    0.      0.     0.     -0.04   0.
                                       0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                       0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                       0.      0.     0.                )


           BODY709_NUT_PREC_DEC = (    0.      0.     0.      0.04   0.
                                       0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                       0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                       0.      0.     0.                )


           BODY709_NUT_PREC_PM  = (    0.      0.     0.     -0.01   0.
                                       0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                       0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                       0.      0.     0.                )


           \begintext
 
 
 
     Desdemona
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata 
  
           BODY710_POLE_RA      = ( 257.31      0.           0.  )
           BODY710_POLE_DEC     = ( -15.18      0.           0.  )
           BODY710_PM           = (  95.08   -760.0531690    0.  )
           BODY710_LONG_AXIS    = (   0.                         )
 
           BODY710_NUT_PREC_RA  = (   0.      0.     0.      0.    -0.17 
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.                  )

           BODY710_NUT_PREC_DEC = (   0.      0.     0.      0.     0.16 
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.                  )

           BODY710_NUT_PREC_PM  = (   0.      0.     0.      0.    -0.04  
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.                 )

          \begintext
 
 
 
     Juliet
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata
  
           BODY711_POLE_RA      = (  257.31     0.           0.   )
           BODY711_POLE_DEC     = (  -15.18     0.           0.   )
           BODY711_PM           = (  302.56  -730.1253660    0.   )
           BODY711_LONG_AXIS    = (    0.                         )
 
           BODY711_NUT_PREC_RA  = (   0.      0.     0.      0.     0.  
                                     -0.06    0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.                 )
 
           BODY711_NUT_PREC_DEC = (   0.      0.     0.      0.     0. 
                                      0.06    0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.                 )
  
           BODY711_NUT_PREC_PM  = (   0.      0.     0.      0.     0. 
                                     -0.02    0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.                 )
 
           \begintext
 
 
 
     Portia
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata
    
           BODY712_POLE_RA      = (  257.31      0.           0.   )
           BODY712_POLE_DEC     = (  -15.18      0.           0.   )
           BODY712_PM           = (   25.03   -701.4865870    0.   )
           BODY712_LONG_AXIS    = (    0.                          )
 
           BODY712_NUT_PREC_RA  = (   0.      0.     0.      0.     0. 
                                      0.     -0.09   0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.                )

           BODY712_NUT_PREC_DEC = (   0.      0.     0.      0.     0. 
                                      0.      0.09   0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.               )

           BODY712_NUT_PREC_PM  = (   0.      0.     0.      0.     0. 
                                      0.     -0.02   0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.               )

           \begintext
 
 
 
     Rosalind
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata
   
           BODY713_POLE_RA      = ( 257.31      0.          0.  )
           BODY713_POLE_DEC     = ( -15.18      0.          0.  )
           BODY713_PM           = ( 314.90   -644.6311260   0.  )
           BODY713_LONG_AXIS    = (   0.                        )
 
           BODY713_NUT_PREC_RA  = (   0.      0.     0.      0.     0. 
                                      0.      0.    -0.29    0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.               )

           BODY713_NUT_PREC_DEC = (   0.      0.     0.      0.     0. 
                                      0.      0.     0.28    0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.              )

           BODY713_NUT_PREC_PM  = (   0.      0.     0.      0.     0. 
                                      0.      0.    -0.08    0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.              )
 
           \begintext
 
 
 
     Belinda
 
       Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata 
 
           BODY714_POLE_RA      = (   257.31      0.         0. )
           BODY714_POLE_DEC     = (   -15.18      0.         0. )
           BODY714_PM           = (   297.46   -577.3628170  0. )
           BODY714_LONG_AXIS    = (     0.                      )
 
           BODY714_NUT_PREC_RA  = (   0.      0.     0.      0.     0. 
                                      0.      0.     0.     -0.03   0.
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.                )

           BODY714_NUT_PREC_DEC = (   0.      0.     0.      0.     0. 
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.03   0.
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.                )

           BODY714_NUT_PREC_PM  = (   0.      0.     0.      0.     0. 
                                      0.      0.     0.     -0.01   0.
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.                )
           \begintext
 
 
 
     Puck
 
       Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata
  
           BODY715_POLE_RA      = (  257.31      0.         0.  )
           BODY715_POLE_DEC     = (  -15.18      0.         0.  )
           BODY715_PM           = (   91.24   -472.5450690  0.  )
           BODY715_LONG_AXIS    = (    0.                       )
 
           BODY715_NUT_PREC_RA  = (   0.      0.     0.      0.     0. 
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.    -0.33 
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.                  )

           BODY715_NUT_PREC_DEC = (   0.      0.     0.      0.     0. 
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.     0.31
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.                  )

           BODY715_NUT_PREC_PM  = (   0.      0.     0.      0.     0. 
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.    -0.09
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.     0.
                                      0.      0.     0.                  )
  
           \begintext
 
 
 
 
Satellites of Neptune
 
 
     Triton
 
       Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 
 
        Current values:
 
           \begindata

           BODY801_POLE_RA       = ( 299.36     0.         0.  )
           BODY801_POLE_DEC      = (  41.17     0.         0.  )
           BODY801_PM            = ( 296.53   -61.2572637  0.  )
           BODY801_LONG_AXIS     = (   0.                      )
 
 
           BODY801_NUT_PREC_RA   = (  0.      0.      0.      0.  
                                      0.      0.      0.    -32.35    
                                      0.     -6.28   -2.08   -0.74       
                                     -0.28   -0.11   -0.07   -0.02    
                                     -0.01                         )
 
 
           BODY801_NUT_PREC_DEC  = (  0.      0.      0.      0.  
                                      0.      0.      0.     22.55    
                                      0.      2.10    0.55    0.16   
                                      0.05    0.02    0.01    0.
                                      0.                           )
 
 
           BODY801_NUT_PREC_PM   = (  0.      0.      0.      0.  
                                      0.      0.      0.     22.25   
                                      0.      6.73    2.05    0.74   
                                      0.28    0.11    0.05    0.02
                                      0.01                         )
  
           \begintext
 
 
 
 
     Nereid
 
        Old values:
 
           Values are from the 1988 IAU report.  Note that this 
           rotation model pre-dated the 1989 Voyager 2 Neptune
           encounter.

 
           body802_pole_ra       = (    273.48    0.        0.  )
           body802_pole_dec      = (     67.22    0.        0.  )
           body802_pm            = (    237.22    0.9996465 0.  )
           body802_long_axis     = (      0.                    )
 
 
           The report seems to have a typo:  in the nut_prec_ra expression,
           where the report gives  -0.51 sin 3N3, we use -0.51 3N2.
 
           body802_nut_prec_ra   = (  0.    -17.81
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.
                                      0.      0.     0.
                                      2.56   -0.51   0.11   -0.03  )
 
           body802_nut_prec_dec  = (  0.     -6.67
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.
                                      0.      0.     0.
                                      0.47   -0.07   0.01          )
 
           body802_nut_prec_pm   = (  0.     16.48
                                      0.      0.     0.      0.
                                      0.      0.     0.
                                     -2.57    0.51 -0.11    0.02  )
 
 
 
        Current values:
 
           The 2000 report [2] states that values for Nereid are not
           given because Nereid is not in synchronous rotation with Neptune
           (note (j), p.99).
 
 
 
     Naiad
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
 
           \begindata
  
           BODY803_POLE_RA       = (  299.36      0.          0.  )
           BODY803_POLE_DEC      = (   43.36      0.          0.  )
           BODY803_PM            = (  254.06  +1222.8441209   0.  )
           BODY803_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                        )
 
 
           BODY803_NUT_PREC_RA   = (    0.70     -6.49     0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.25      0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.                            )
 
           BODY803_NUT_PREC_DEC  = (   -0.51     -4.75     0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.09      0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.                            )
 
           BODY803_NUT_PREC_PM   = (   -0.48      4.40     0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                       -0.27      0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.                            )
    
          \begintext
 
 
 
 
     Thalassa
 

        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata

           BODY804_POLE_RA       = (  299.36      0.          0. )
           BODY804_POLE_DEC      = (   43.45      0.          0. )
           BODY804_PM            = (  102.06   1155.7555612   0. )  
           BODY804_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                       )
 
 
           BODY804_NUT_PREC_RA   = (    0.70      0.      -0.28    0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.                             )
   
  
           BODY804_NUT_PREC_DEC  = (   -0.51      0.      -0.21    0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0. 
                                        0.                             )
 
           BODY804_NUT_PREC_PM   = (   -0.48      0.       0.19    0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0. 
                                        0.                             )
                                                                 
           \begintext
 
 
 
     Despina
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
 
           \begindata
  
           BODY805_POLE_RA       = (  299.36      0.          0. )
           BODY805_POLE_DEC      = (   43.45      0.          0. )
           BODY805_PM            = (  306.51  +1075.7341562   0. )
           BODY805_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                       )
 
 
           BODY805_NUT_PREC_RA   = (    0.70      0.       0.     -0.09
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.                              )
 
           BODY805_NUT_PREC_DEC  = (   -0.51      0.       0.     -0.07
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.                              )
 
           BODY805_NUT_PREC_PM   = (   -0.49      0.       0.      0.06
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.                              )
          \begintext
 
 
 
     Galatea
 
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
 
           \begindata
  
           BODY806_POLE_RA       = (   299.36      0.          0. )
           BODY806_POLE_DEC      = (    43.43      0.          0. )
           BODY806_PM            = (   258.09    839.6597686   0. )
           BODY806_LONG_AXIS     = (     0.                       )
 
 
           BODY806_NUT_PREC_RA   = (    0.70      0.       0.      0.
                                       -0.07      0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.                             )
 
           BODY806_NUT_PREC_DEC  = (   -0.51      0.       0.      0.
                                       -0.05      0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.                             )
 
           BODY806_NUT_PREC_PM   = (   -0.48      0.       0.      0.
                                        0.05      0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.                             ) 
           \begintext

 
     Larissa
 
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
  
           \begindata

           BODY807_POLE_RA       = (   299.36     0.           0. )
           BODY807_POLE_DEC      = (    43.41     0.           0. )
           BODY807_PM            = (   179.41  +649.0534470    0. )
           BODY807_LONG_AXIS     = (     0.                       )
 
 
           BODY807_NUT_PREC_RA   = (    0.70      0.       0.      0.
                                        0.       -0.27     0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.                            )
 
           BODY807_NUT_PREC_DEC  = (   -0.51      0.       0.      0.
                                        0.       -0.20     0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.                            )
 
           BODY807_NUT_PREC_PM   = (   -0.48      0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.19     0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.                            )
           \begintext
 
 
 
     Proteus
 

        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata

           BODY808_POLE_RA       = (  299.27      0.          0.  )
           BODY808_POLE_DEC      = (   42.91      0.          0.  )
           BODY808_PM            = (   93.38   +320.7654228   0.  )
           BODY808_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                        )
 
 
           BODY808_NUT_PREC_RA   = (    0.70      0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.      -0.05    0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.                             )
 
           BODY808_NUT_PREC_DEC  = (   -0.51      0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.      -0.04    0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.                             )
 
           BODY808_NUT_PREC_PM   = (   -0.48      0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.04    0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.        0.       0.      0.
                                        0.                             )
   
           \begintext
  
 
 
 
 
Satellites of Pluto
 
     Charon
 
        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 
               
        Current values:
 
           \begindata
 
           BODY901_POLE_RA       = (   313.02     0.         0. )
           BODY901_POLE_DEC      = (     9.09     0.         0. )
           BODY901_PM            = (    56.77   -56.3623195  0. )
           BODY901_LONG_AXIS     = (     0.                     )

           \begintext
 
 
 
Orientation constants for Asteroids Gaspra, Ida, Vesta, and Eros
--------------------------------------------------------


Gaspra

        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 
               
        Current values:
 
           \begindata 
 
           BODY9511010_POLE_RA       = (   9.47     0.         0. )
           BODY9511010_POLE_DEC      = (  26.70     0.         0. )
           BODY9511010_PM            = (  83.67  1226.9114850  0. )
           BODY9511010_LONG_AXIS     = (   0.                     )

           \begintext


Ida

        Old values:
        
           Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 

        Current values:
 
           \begindata
 
           BODY2431010_POLE_RA       = (  348.76      0.         0. )
           BODY2431010_POLE_DEC      = (   87.12      0.         0. )
           BODY2431010_PM            = (  265.95  -1864.6280070  0. )
           BODY2431010_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                      )
 
           \begintext


Vesta

        Current values:
 
           \begindata

           BODY2000004_POLE_RA       = (   301.      0.         0.  )
           BODY2000004_POLE_DEC      = (    41.      0.         0.  )
           BODY2000004_PM            = (   292.   1617.332776   0.  )
           BODY2000004_LONG_AXIS     = (     0.                     )
 
           \begintext


Eros

        Current values:
 
           \begindata

           BODY2000433_POLE_RA       = (   11.35       0.           0. )
           BODY2000433_POLE_DEC      = (   17.22       0.           0. )
           BODY2000433_PM            = (  326.07    1639.38864745   0. )
           BODY2000433_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                         )
 
           \begintext



 
Radii of Sun and Planets
--------------------------------------------------------
 
 
Sun
 
     Value for the Sun is from the [7], page K7.
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY10_RADII      = (   696000.     696000.      696000.     )
 
        \begintext
 
 
Mercury
 
     Old values:
 
        Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report.
 
     Current values:
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY199_RADII     = ( 2439.7   2439.7   2439.7 )
 
        \begintext
 
 
Venus
 
     Old values:
 
        Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report.
 
     Current values:
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY299_RADII     = ( 6051.8   6051.8   6051.8 )
 
        \begintext
 
 
Earth
 
     Old values:
 
        Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report.
 
     Current values:
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY399_RADII     = ( 6378.14   6378.14   6356.75 )
 
        \begintext
 
 
Mars
 
 
     Old values:

        body499_radii       = (     3397.      3397.         3375.     )
 
     Current values:


        The IAU report gives separate values for the north and south
        polar radii:

           north:  3373.19
           south:  3379.21 

        We use the average of these values as the polar radius for
        the triaxial model.
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY499_RADII       = ( 3396.19   3396.19   3376.20 )
 
        \begintext
 
 
 
Jupiter
 
     Old values:
 
        Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report.
 
     Current values:
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY599_RADII     = ( 71492   71492   66854 )
 
        \begintext
 
 
 
Saturn
 
     Old values:
 
        Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report.
 
     Current values:
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY699_RADII     = ( 60268   60268   54364 )
 
        \begintext
 
 
 
Uranus
 
     Old values:
 
        Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report.
 
     Current values:
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY799_RADII     = ( 25559   25559   24973 )
 
        \begintext
 
 
 
Neptune
 
     Old values:
 
        Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report.
  
     Current values:
 
        (Values are for the 1 bar pressure level.)
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY899_RADII     = ( 24764   24764  24341 )
 
        \begintext
 
 
 
Pluto
 
     Old values:
 
        Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report.
 
     Current values:
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY999_RADII     = ( 1195   1195   1195 )
 
        \begintext
 



Radii of Satellites
--------------------------------------------------------
 
 
Moon
 
     Old values:
 
        Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 
 
     Current values:
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY301_RADII     = ( 1737.4   1737.4   1737.4 )
 
        \begintext
 
 
 
Satellites of Mars
 
     Old values:
 
        Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 
 
     Current values:
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY401_RADII     = ( 13.4    11.2    9.2 )
        BODY402_RADII     = (  7.5     6.1    5.2 )
 
        \begintext
 
 
 
Satellites of Jupiter
 
     Old values:
 
        Old values for Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto and Amalthea.
        These are from the 1997 IAU report.
 
        body501_radii     = (     1826.       1815.        1812.     )
        body502_radii     = (     1562.       1560.        1559.     )
        body503_radii     = (     2635.       2633.        2633.     )
        body504_radii     = (     2409.       2409.        2409.     )
        body505_radii     = (      131.         73.          67.     )
        body506_radii    = (  85      85      85   )
        body507_radii    = (  40      40      40   )
        body508_radii    = (  18      18      18   )
        body509_radii    = (  14      14      14   )
        body510_radii    = (  12      12      12   )
        body511_radii    = (  15      15      15   )
        body512_radii    = (  10      10      10   )
        body513_radii    = (   5       5       5   )
        body514_radii    = (  50      50      50   )
        body515_radii    = (  13      10       8   )
        body516_radii    = (  20      20      20   )
         
 
     Current values:
         
        \begindata
 
        BODY501_RADII     = ( 1829.4   1819.3   1815.7  )
        BODY502_RADII     = ( 1564.13  1561.23  1560.93 )
        BODY503_RADII     = ( 2632.4   2632.29  2632.35 )
        BODY504_RADII     = ( 2409.4   2409.2   2409.3  )
        BODY505_RADII     = (  125       73       64    )
 
        \begintext
 
        Only mean radii are available in the 2000 IAU report for bodies
        506-513.
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY506_RADII    = (    85       85       85   )
        BODY507_RADII    = (    40       40       40   )
        BODY508_RADII    = (    18       18       18   )
        BODY509_RADII    = (    14       14       14   )
        BODY510_RADII    = (    12       12       12   )
        BODY511_RADII    = (    15       15       15   )
        BODY512_RADII    = (    10       10       10   )
        BODY513_RADII    = (     5        5        5   )
        BODY514_RADII    = (    58       49       42   )
        BODY515_RADII    = (    10        8        7   )
 
        \begintext
 
        The value for the second radius for body 516 is not given in 
        2000 IAU report.   The values given are:
 
           BODY516_RADII    = (  30   ---   20   )
 
        For use within the SPICE system, we use only the mean radius.
        \begindata
 
        BODY516_RADII    = (  21.5   21.5  21.5  )
 
        \begintext
 
 
 
Satellites of Saturn
 
 
     Old values:
     
        body601_radii     = (      210.3       197.4        192.6    )
        body602_radii     = (      256.2       247.3        244.0    )
        body603_radii     = (      535.6       528.2        525.8    )
        body604_radii     = (      560.        560.         560.     )
        body605_radii     = (      764.        764.         764.     )
        body606_radii     = (     2575.       2575.        2575.     )
        body607_radii     = (      180.        140.         112.5    )
        body608_radii     = (      718.        718.         718.     )
        body609_radii     = (      115.        110.         105.     )
        body610_radii     = (       97.         95.          77.     )
        body611_radii     = (       69.         55.          55.     )
        body612_radii     = (       16          16           16      )
        body613_radii     = (       15          12.5          7.5    )
        body614_radii     = (       15           8            8      )
        body615_radii     = (       18.5        17.2         13.5    )
        body616_radii     = (       74          50           34      )
        body617_radii     = (       55          44           31      )
        body618_radii     = (       10          10           10      )
      
 
     Current values:
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY601_RADII     = (  209.1   196.2   191.4 )
        BODY602_RADII     = (  256.3   247.3   244.6 )
        BODY603_RADII     = (  535.6   528.2   525.8 )
        BODY604_RADII     = (  560     560     560   )
        BODY605_RADII     = (  764     764     764   )
        BODY606_RADII     = ( 2575    2575    2575   )
        BODY607_RADII     = (  164     130     107   )
        BODY608_RADII     = (  718     718     718   )
        BODY609_RADII     = (  115     110     105   )
        BODY610_RADII     = (   97.0    95.0    77.0 )
        BODY611_RADII     = (   69.0    55.0    55.0 )
 
        \begintext
 
        Only the first equatorial radius for Helene (body 612) is given in the
        2000 IAU report:
 
            BODY612_RADII     = (       17.5        ---          ---     )
 
        The mean radius is 16km; we use this radius for all three axes, as
        we do for the satellites for which only the mean radius is available.
 
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY612_RADII     = (   16      16       16  )
        BODY613_RADII     = (   15      12.5     7.5 )
        BODY614_RADII     = (   15.0     8.0     8.0 )
        BODY615_RADII     = (   18.5    17.2    13.5 )
        BODY616_RADII     = (   74.0    50.0    34.0 )
        BODY617_RADII     = (   55.0    44.0    31.0 )
 
        \begintext
 
 
         For Pan, only a mean radius is given in the 2000 report.
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY618_RADII     = (   10       10     10   )
 
        \begintext
 
 
 
Satellites of Uranus
 
     Old values:
 
        Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 
 
     Current values:
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY701_RADII     = (  581.1   577.9   577.7 )
        BODY702_RADII     = (  584.7   584.7   584.7 )
        BODY703_RADII     = (  788.9   788.9   788.9 )
        BODY704_RADII     = (  761.4   761.4   761.4 )
        BODY705_RADII     = (  240.4   234.2   232.9 )
 
        \begintext
 
        The 2000 report gives only mean radii for satellites 706--715.
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY706_RADII     = (   13      13      13 )
        BODY707_RADII     = (   15      15      15 )
        BODY708_RADII     = (   21      21      21 )
        BODY709_RADII     = (   31      31      31 )
        BODY710_RADII     = (   27      27      27 )
        BODY711_RADII     = (   42      42      42 )
        BODY712_RADII     = (   54      54      54 )
        BODY713_RADII     = (   27      27      27 )
        BODY714_RADII     = (   33      33      33 )
        BODY715_RADII     = (   77      77      77 )
 
        \begintext
 
 
 
 
Satellites of Neptune
 
 
     Old values:
 
        Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 
 
     Current values:
 
        The 2000 report gives mean radii only for bodies 801-806.
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY801_RADII     = ( 1352.6  1352.6  1352.6 )
        BODY802_RADII     = (  170     170     170   )
        BODY803_RADII     = (   29      29     29    )
        BODY804_RADII     = (   40      40     40    )
        BODY805_RADII     = (   74      74     74    )
        BODY806_RADII     = (   79      79     79    )
 
        \begintext
 
 
        The second equatorial radius for Larissa is not given in the 2000
        report.  The available values are:
 
            BODY807_RADII     = (   104     ---     89   )
 
        For use within the SPICE system, we use only the mean radius.
        \begindata
 
        BODY807_RADII     = (   96      96     96   )
        BODY808_RADII     = (  218     208    201   )
 
        \begintext
 
 
 
 
Satellites of Pluto
 
     
     Old values:
 
        Values are unchanged in the 2000 IAU report. 
             
     Current values:
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY901_RADII     = (  593     593    593   )
 
        \begintext
 


Radii of Selected Asteroids
--------------------------------------------------------


Gaspra

     
     Current values:
 
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY9511010_RADII     = (    9.1    5.2    4.4 )
 
        \begintext

        
        
        
Ida

     
     Current values:
 
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY2431010_RADII     = (   26.8   12.0    7.6 )
 
        \begintext

        

        
Kleopatra

     
     Current values:
 
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY2000216_RADII     = (   108.5      47    40.5  )
 
        \begintext


        
Eros
 
     Current values:
 
 
        \begindata
 
        BODY2000433_RADII     = (  7.311  7.311  7.311  )
 
        \begintext


===========================================================================
End of file pck00008.tpc
===========================================================================



